城市居民体育锻炼行为对就医次数的影响:“收敛”还是“发散”?

Effect of Physical Activity Behavior on the Number of Medical Visits Among Urban Residents:"Convergence"or"Divergence"?

就医次数是衡量居民健康平等的重要指标之一。采用逐步回归的方法构建零膨胀泊松回归模型和处理效应模型,从健康不平等的视角探讨城市居民体育锻炼对就医次数的积极影响。发现:随着年龄增长,城市居民就医次数增加,不同人口学特征、社会经济地位城市居民的就医次数呈现“发散效应”,健康不平等现象突出。收入、体育锻炼对城市居民整体就医次数有一定抑制作用:收入有一定抑制作用的同时“发散效应”显著;体育锻炼的抑制作用和“收敛效应”均显著,且在不同人口学特征、社会经济地位城市居民间存在差异。体育锻炼对女性、低收入、45岁以上城市居民的就医次数抑制作用显著,呈现出不同性别、城市、收入城市居民就医次数差异不随年龄变化的“平行效应”,但体育锻炼未能改变由社会经济地位引起的健康不平等。

The number of medical visits is one of the important indicators to measure the health equality of residents.In this paper,zero-inflated Poisson regression model and a treatment effect model were constructed using stepwise regression to explore the positive impact of residents'physical activity on the number of medical visits from the perspective of health inequality.The results showed that the number of medical visits increased with the age of residents,and the number of medical visits of residents with different demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status showed a"divergence effect",at the same time health inequality was prominent.Also,the income and physical activities had certain inhibitory effect on the overall number of medical visits,among which,income showed a significant"divergence effect"while physical activity showed both significant inhibitory effect and"convergence effect",differed among residents with different demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status.The inhibitory effect of physical activity on the number of medical visits for women,low-income residents,and residents aged 45 and above was significant,showing a"parallel effect"in which the differences in the number of medical visits for residents of different genders,cities,and incomes did not vary with age,but physical activity failed to change health inequalities caused by socioeconomic status.