金融科技平台算法黑箱的国际规制与中国因应

The International Regulation and China's Countermeasures on the Algorithm Black Box of Financial Technology Platform

在大数据与人工智能等信息技术驱动下,算法技术快速兴起并深度嵌入金融服务行业,促进了各类金融科技平台的崛起。然而,算法技术具有内在的技术缺陷,这导致金融科技平台从算法向黑箱嬗变,即金融科技平台利用算法黑箱可能引发潜在的金融风险,衍生法律问责困境,滋生算法伦理规制问题。因此,对金融科技平台算法黑箱进行法律规制具有必要性。为化解金融科技平台算法黑箱带来的问题挑战,通过采用比较分析方法,有条件地借鉴国际主要国家与地区(欧盟、英国、美国、新加坡)对金融科技平台算法黑箱开展法律规制的经验,我国可以从算法透明、算法解释、算法问责、算法伦理层面作出相应的法律规制回应,完善金融科技平台算法黑箱的法律规制路径:推进事前审查与算法备案,提升算法透明;落实事中金融科技平台的算法解释义务;构建基于信义义务的事后算法问责机制;从事前、事中与事后加强算法伦理规制。

Driven by information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence,algorithmic technology is emerging rapidly and deeply embedded in the financial service industry,promoting the rise of various financial technology platforms.However,the algorithm technology has inherent technical defects,which leads to the evolution of the financial technology platform from the algorithm to the black box,that is,the use of the algorithm black box by the financial technology platform may cause potential financial risks,derive legal accountability dilemma,and breed algorithmic ethical regulation problems.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out legal regulation on the algorithm black box of the financial technology platform.In order to resolve the challenges brought by the algorithm black box of financial technology platforms,This paper compares the legal regulation experience of algorithm black boxes of fintech platforms in major international countries and regions(European Union,United Kingdom,the United States,and Singapore).Our country can make corresponding legal regulation response from four aspects:algorithm transparency,algorithm interpretation,algorithm accountability and algorithm ethics.To improve the legal regulation path of financial technology platform algorithm black box:Promoting advance review and algorithm filing to improve algorithm transparency;Implementing the algorithm interpretation obligation of the financial technology platform;Building an accountability mechanism based on the fiduciary obligation;Strengthening the regulation of algorithm ethics from the whole process.