语境型定指和知识型定指——从定指类型看万州话的“名+个”结构

Context-Based Identifiability and Knowledge-Based Identifiability——A Study on“NP+Ge(个)”Construction in the Wanzhou Dialect

本文考察万州话表达定指的“名词性成分+个”结构。“个”是标示定指的助词,可以后附于光杆普通名词、“指量名”结构、专有名词等各类名词性成分,“名+个”在句中的分布主要受句法位置的定指性倾向和语义语用地位制约。我们考察了“名+个”在语篇中的用法,发现“个”的本质是从特殊共享知识中唤起一个对象以实现定指,在此基础上我们区分出语境型定指和知识型定指两种类型,“名+个”只能用于知识型定指。“名+个”可能来源于“定语+的+指量名”结构,经由中心语隐去、指示词脱落、重新分析等过程形成。

This paper examines the definite construction,NP+Ge(个),in the Wanzhou dialect.“Ge(个)”is a post-noun particle marking identifiability,which can be attached to various nominal phrases such as bare common nouns,demonstratives and proper names.The distribution of “NP+Ge(个)” is mainly restricted by the semantic and pragmatic characteristic of syntactic positions.The discourse function of“Ge”is to evoke an object from shared specific knowledge.On this basis,we distinguish two types of identifiability:context-based identifiability and knowledge-based identifiability.“NP+Ge(个)”can only be used for the latter.We proposed that“NP+Ge”derived from“attributive+demonstrative+classifier+noun”,through the process of head-deletion,demonstrative-deletion and reanalysis.