近代汉语抽象方式义“V_(1)着V_(2)”结构的形成发展及句法语义动因

The Development and the Syntactic and Semantic Motivations of the Abstract Manner-Denoting"V_(1)-Zhe(着)-V_(2)",Construction in Early-modern Chinese

汉语有一类“V_(1)着V_(2)”结构,其中“V_(1)着”表示V_(2)的抽象方式,如“偷着看、轮着喝酒、将就着吃”等,目前对这类格式的历史发展过程缺乏大规模的语料考察研究。本文通过对近代汉语36种文献中“V_(1)着(O)V_(2)”结构的穷尽性考察,发现表抽象方式义的“V_(1)着(O)V_(2)”结构大约在元代产生,到清代发展成熟,表现为该结构的出现频次增加,可进入V,位置的动词更加丰富。这类结构形成发展的语义动因是“V_(1)着(O)V_(2)”结构中“V_(1)着(O)”从表示伴随动作发展出表示方式的语义类型,句法动因是随着V,不带宾语的“V_(1)着V_(2)”结构比例上升,促使整个结构凝固为表示方式义的图式性构式。该结构的形成发展丰富了汉语编码陈述性方式范畴的语法手段。

In Chinese,there is a kind of"V_(1)-Zhe(着)-V_(2)"constructions in which the"V_(1)-Zhe(着)"expresses certain kind of abstract manner,such as tou zhe kan(‘watch secretly'),lun zhe he(‘drink in turns'),and jiang jiu zhe chi('make do with food while eating').Few studies have been undertaken to investigate the development of such constructions.By examining related data of Early-modern Chinese gleaned from 36 texts,this article reveals that the abstract manner-denoting"V_(1)-Zhe(着)-V_(2)"construction came into being in Yuan dynasty and flourished in Qing dynasty,with the increase in frequency and verb categories of the V_(1)position.The motivations for the formation of such constructions are two folds.On the one hand,the semantic relation between V_(1)and V_(2)gradually evolved from"comitative states-core acts"to"manner-core acts"since Yuan dynasty;on the other hand,the frequency of the V_(1)-object-omitting type of the"V_(1)-Zhe(着)-V_(2)"construction increased from Yuan to Qing dynasty,which triggered the formation of"V_(1)-Zhe(着)-V_(2)"as a kind of manner-denoting schematic construction.The development of the said construction enriched the grammatical strategies of expressing manner by verbal elements in Chinese.