“人体解剖”与“猴体解剖”的辩证关系论

Dialectical Relationship betweenThe Anatomy of Man"andThe Anatomy of the Ape"

马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中形象化地提出了“人体解剖对于猴体解剖是一把钥匙”的经典论断。马克思的“从后思索法”将资本主义社会视为研究主体和参照坐标,对前资本主义社会进行外在反思。就文本的具体言说语境与核心解释框架而言,马克思运用这一外在反思方法旨在剖析资本主义社会,力图把握人类社会历史形态演进与变化的内在联系。这一方法不仅包含“通过现在可以理解过去”的思想,还包含“人体解剖”不能代替“猴体解剖”以及“猴体解剖”和“人体解剖”不能相互否定的辩证意蕴。马克思“人体解剖对于猴体解剖是一把钥匙”的方法为追溯历史原相、求索历史规律提供了科学的认识论指导。

In the Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy,Marx vividly proposed the classic assertion thatThe anatomy of man is a key to the anatomy of the ape".Marx's method of"thinking from the back"regards capitalist society as the research subject and reference coordinate,and carries out external reflection on pre-capitalist society.In terms of the specific speaking context and core interpretation framework of the text,Marx used this external reflection method to analyze capitalist society and strive to grasp the internal relation in the evolution and changes of human society's historical forms.This method inherently contains the idea of"understanding the past through the present",as well as the dialectical implication thatthe anatomy of man"cannot replacethe anatomy of the ape"and thatthe anatomy of the ape"and"the anatomy of man'cannot be mutually negated.Marx's method ofthe anatomy of man is a key to the anatomy of the ape"provides the scientific epistemological guidance for tracing back to historical origins and seeking historical laws.