数字基础设施对产业升级的影响机制研究

The Influence and Mechanism of Digital Infrastructure on Industrial Upgrading

数字基础设施作为新一轮基建投资的重点,对中国产业转型升级具有至关重要的作用。利用熵值法测算2013—2020年中国内地30个省份的数字基础设施建设水平,基于数字基础设施的“恩格尔效应”和“鲍莫尔效应”,分析其对产业升级的作用机制,并进一步检验数字基础设施对“鲍莫尔成本病”的影响。结果表明,数字基础设施能够显著推动地区产业升级,且对中部地区的作用效果最为显著,西部地区次之,东部地区最弱;在数字基础设施对产业升级的影响过程中,“恩格尔效应”和“鲍莫尔效应”仍是主要影响因素;数字基础设施在推动产业结构服务化的同时,提升产业总体生产率,从而缓解“鲍莫尔成本病”的影响;数字基础设施通过增加居民人均消费支出,促进产业结构服务化,但对产业生产效率的提升作用并不明显。研究结论可为中国新一轮基础设施建设提供策略参考。

With the accelerating development of China's digital economy and industrial digitalization,the penetration rate of digital technology in industry and service industries continues to increase,and the demand for digital infrastructure such as 5G,industrial Internet,big data centers,and artificial intelligence is greater.It is very urgent for China to speed up the adjustment and optimization of its industrial structure.At the same time,the demand for infrastructure has also undergone a structural change.Therefore,as the focus of a new round of infrastructure investment,digital infrastructure plays an important role in improving the overall production efficiency of the industry and promoting the transformation of the industrial structure to service.As the underlying physical foundation supporting the digital economy,the digital infrastructure promotes the difference in technological progress between industries,which will cause the social employment population to gradually shift from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries on a large scale,thereby realizing the service-oriented industrial structure.Due to the decline in the overall proportion of the manufacturing industry that is biased by technological progress,the overall productivity of the society may decline,resulting in a decline in economic growth and the formation of"Baumol's cost disease".This paper selects seven indicators,such as mobile phone base stations,optical cable route length,broadband access ports,number of domain names,number of web pages,number of IPv4 addresses,and software business revenue,and calculates the data of 30 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2013 to 2020 through the entropy method.On the basis of the"Engel effect"and"Baumol effect"of digital infrastructure,this study analyzes the impact and mechanism of industrial upgrading,and through the mediation effect analysis,it empirically tests the impact of digital infrastructure in the process of promoting China's industrial upgrading,consumption upgrading and technology.Finally,the study further examines the impact of digital infrastructure on"Baumol cost disease".It is found that firstly digital infrastructure has a promoting effect on regional industrial structure upgrading and industrial productivity improvement.The regional effect is the most obvious,followed by the western region and the weakest in the eastern region.Secondly the"Engel effect"and the"Baumol effect"are still the main factors affecting the industrial upgrading of digital infrastructure,among which the level of disposable income of residents,the level of consumer spending and the level of innovation in high-tech industries are all important mediating variables.Thirdly further research finds that digital infrastructure promotes the service-oriented industrial structure and the overall productivity of the industry at the same time and alleviates the"Baumol cost disease"problem.Lastly digital infrastructure promotes the service-oriented industrial structure by increasing the per capita consumption expenditure of residents,but the effect of improving industrial production efficiency is not obvious.To sum up,this paper uses China's provincial panel data as samples to explain the impact and mechanism of digital infrastructure on Chinese industrial upgrading and provides a reference for China's new round of infrastructure construction strategies.According to the research conclusions of this paper,it is suggested that firstly it is necessary to continue to strengthen the investment and construction of digital infrastructure,and adopt differentiated development strategies according to the different characteristics of the region.The government should actively guide and encourage the participation and operation of social capital.In addition,the construction of digital infrastructure in the central and western regions should be accelerated,and the widespread application of new-generation digital technologies in society should be accelerated,thereby narrowing the development gaps between regions and promoting common prosperity.Secondly,it is vital to focus on building digital infrastructure that is conducive to improving corporate innovation and production efficiency,increasing residents'income,mitigating the adverse effects of the"Baumol cost disease",promoting overall social productivity,and realizing industrial transformation and upgrading.