“民参军”创新活动对民营企业绩效的影响

The Impact of Innovation Activities of Civil-participation in the Military on the Performance of Private Enterprises

基于开放式创新理论,将民营企业的民参军创新活动分为3种模式、即技术集成式、技术整合式和技术耦合式,通过分析不同模式民参军创新活动对民营企业绩效的影响,探究认知评价在上述路径中的作用机制,并对民营企业家问卷调查结果进行实证分析,结果表明:①技术集成式、技术整合式和技术耦合式民参军活动对民营企业绩效均具有显著正向影响;②民营企业家的风险性认知评价和复杂性认知评价对民参军创新活动与企业绩效间的正相关关系具有负向调节作用。结论有助于拓展军民融合理论研究,为民营企业实施军民融合战略并开展民参军创新活动提供理论参考。

With the development of the technological revolution and the increasingly fierce competition in technology,the boundaries between military and civilian technologies have gradually faded.Countries around the world are studying the common technologies for military and civilian use.Military-civilian common technologies can meet both military and non-military needs.In order to implement the deep integration of military and civilians,it is necessary to study and develop common technologies and their transformation results.Combined with the open innovation theory and from the perspective of technology transfer,this paper divides the innovation activities of civil participation in the military into three different modes:technology input,technology output and technology coupling.This paper takes the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs as the moderating variable and studies the influence mechanism of different participation models of innovation activities on the performance of private enterprises.Private enterprises have established contacts with military-related units and made technical choices to digest and absorb superior military-civilian common technologies.They search for new ideas and market information through secondary innovation,and then enter the military or military market and participate in the development and production of military products or parts.At the same time,enterprises promote their own product innovation and industrial chain expansion.This is the technical import of civilian participation activities.There are three main forms of technology-exporting civilian participation in the military.First,private enterprises integrate their own superior technologies,export knowledge to the military,and transfer technology according to the market demand of military enterprises.Second,private enterprises enter the talent recruitment market of military enterprises,and many kinds of private scientific and technological and management personnel are recruited in military enterprises.Third,private capital enters the military industry and participates in the shareholding system transformation of state-owned military enterprises.The technology-coupled civilian participation in the military is a strategic alliance between private enterprises and military enterprises,or the two parties jointly established a new company.The two sides carry out technical coupling and collaborative innovation.Military enterprises and private enterprises jointly operate product business.Military industrial enterprises,scientific research institutes and private enterprises have collaborated to make key core technology innovation,which can realize the connection between cutting-edge technology and innovative industries.The two sides will work together to commercialize knowledge and technology,and connect the innovation chain and the industrial chain of key core technologies.It's difficult to obtain the data about civilian participation activities and cognitive evaluation,so this study uses the research method of questionnaire surveys to collect data.The selection of research samples is through discussion and recommendation with experts in the field of military-civilian integration.A typical military-civilian integration demonstration base in China is chosen for study.318 valid questionnaires are obtained.This paper empirically analyzes the impact of different models of civilian military activities on private enterprises,and the moderating effect of cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs.It is found that firstly technology-imported civilian participation activities,technology-exported civilian military participation activities,and technology-coupled civilian military participation activities can promote the performance of private enterprises.The imported civilian participation activities have a stronger role in promoting the performance of enterprises.Secondly,the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs'participation in the military activities plays a regulatory role.Specifically,the relationship between technology-imported civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is negatively moderated by risk cognitive evaluation;the relationship between technology-exported civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is negatively regulated by complexity cognition;and the relationship between technology-coupled civilian military participation activities and enterprise performance is simultaneously subject to risk cognitive evaluation and complexity cognitive evaluation.This paper provides a new research idea for the division of military-civilian integration models.It has promoted the quantitative research of private enterprises participating in the micro-level of military-civilian integration strategy.By introducing the cognitive evaluation of private entrepreneurs into the decision-making process of civilian participation activities as a regulatory variable,this paper deeply explores the regulatory effect of cognitive evaluation on the influence mechanism of civilian participation in military activities.This makes the adoption and implementation process of private enterprises'participation in the military clearer.Finally,this paper conducts a questionnaire survey of the sample enterprises,provides first-hand evidence for private sector studies on the level of civil-military integration and may inspire further research on the relevant study.