发酵菜籽粕的营养价值与抗营养因子及其在动物生产中的应用

Nutritional Value and Anti-nutrient Factor of Fermented Rapeseed Meal and Its Application in Animal Production

随着畜牧业的快速发展,饲料原料的短缺日益明显,其中蛋白质饲料原料的短缺尤为突出。菜籽粕(rapeseed meal,RSM)的主要营养物质为蛋白质,是低价蛋白质饲料原料的主要来源之一。发酵菜籽粕(fermented rapeseed meal,FRSM)营养价值更高,具有平衡饲料中氨基酸水平、降低饲料成本、保障动物健康等作用。作者首先比较了RSM与FRSM的营养成分差异,发现FRSM的硫代葡萄糖苷、单宁、植酸等抗营养因子水平较RSM显著降低,而粗脂肪、粗蛋白质及各氨基酸水平却有提高;其次,简述了RSM的抗营养因子及其处理方法,发现通过采用发酵方式处理RSM是当前去除饲料中抗营养因子的有效方式之一;最后,总结了FRSM在猪、家禽、反刍动物以及肉兔、红鲷鱼等动物上的研究进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期为FRSM在动物饲粮中的实际应用提供参考。

With the rapid development of animal husbandry,the shortage of feed ingredients is becoming increasingly obvious,especially,for protein feed ingredients rapeseed meal(RSM),whose main nutrient is protein,is one of the main sources of low-cost protein feed raw materials.Fermented rapeseed meal(FRSM)has higher nutritional value,which can balance the amino acid level in feed,reduce feed cost and ensure animal health.First,the authors compared the differences between RSM and FRSM in the nutrient,found that FRSM had significantly lower levels of anti-nutritional factors,including glucosinolates,tannins,and phytic acids,but increased levels of crude fat,crude protein,and various amino acids.Second,the anti-nutritional factors of RSM and their treatment were briefly described.At present,fermentation treatment of RSM had been found to be one of the most effective methods of removing anti-nutritional factors from feed.Finally,a review of the research progress and future prospects of FRSM in pigs,poultry,ruminants,meat rabbits and red sea bream was presented to provide a reference for the practical application of FRSM in animal diets.