lncRNA在畜禽肌肉发育中的研究进展

Research Progress on Long Non-coding RNA of Muscle Development in Livestock and Poultry

畜禽肌肉是人类生命活动所需蛋白质的主要来源,进行肌肉生长发育的研究对于提高畜禽肉产品的产量和质量至关重要。畜禽肌肉的生长发育是一个极其复杂的过程,除了受到多种肌源性调节因子(MyoD、MyoG、Myf5等)的调控外,还受到各种非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)的调控,如长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)、微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)等。其中,lncRNA是一类长度>200 nt、缺乏开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)的功能性ncRNA,具有干扰基因表达、与蛋白质相互作用、作为内源竞争RNA(competing endogenous RNA,ceRNA)及编码肽类等生物学功能。近年来,越来越多与畜禽肌肉生长发育相关的lncRNAs被发现和鉴定,其具体作用机制和功能也逐渐被确定。大量研究证实,lncRNA广泛参与畜禽肌肉生长发育的各个阶段,影响畜禽肌肉的产量和质量。作者介绍了畜禽肌肉生长发育的大致过程、lncRNA的发现、分类以及生物学功能,综述了与猪、鸡、牛、羊等各种畜禽动物肌肉发育相关的lncRNA及其作用机制,旨在为lncRNA在畜禽肌肉生长发育方面进行深入研究提供参考。

The muscle of livestock and poultry is the mainly source of protein required for human life activities.Research on the growth and development of muscle is essential to improve the yield and quality of meat products in livestock and poultry.The muscle growth and development in livestock and poultry is an extremely complex process,which is regulated not only by various myogenic regulators(such as MyoD,MyoG and Myf5,etc.),but also by various non-coding RNAs(ncRNA),such as long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),microRNA(miRNA),circular RNA(circRNA),and so on.lncRNA is a type of functional ncRNA that is more than 200 nucleotides in length and lack an open reading frame(ORF),has biological functions such as interfering with gene expression,interacting with proteins,acting as ceRNA and encoding peptides.In recent years,more and more lncRNAs related to muscle growth and development in livestock and poultry have been found and identified,and the specific mechanism and function of many lncRNAs have been gradually determined.Numerous studies have confirmed that lncRNA is widely involved in many stages of muscle growth and development in livestock and poultry,and affects the yield and quality of meat in livestock and poultry.In this article,the general process of muscle growth and development in livestock and poultry,the discovery,classification,and biological functions of lncRNA were introduced,and the currently discovered lncRNA associated with muscle development in various livestock and poultry such as pigs,cattle,sheep,and chickens and their functions were reviewed.This review provided a reference for in-depth research on lncRNA in the growth and development of muscles in livestock and poultry.