中缅边境安全协同治理:现有体系、实践困境与优化路径

Cooperative Governance of China-Myanmar Border Security:Existed System,Practical Dilemma,and Optimized Path

边境安全是国家安全的重要维度,边境安全治理是国家安全治理的重要内容。协同治理为边境安全治理提供新的理论视角与实践路径。当前,中缅边境安全协同治理初具雏形,形成了主体、机制和技术三个层面的协同关系。中缅边境安全协同治理在具体实践过程中存在主体性困境、制度性困境、效能性困境和资源性困境。构建中缅边境安全协同治理新理念、优化中缅边境安全协同治理机制、提高中缅边境安全协同治理主体能力、拓展中缅边境安全协同治理外部环境是提升中缅边境安全协同治理成效的重要路径。

Research indicates that collaborative governance provides a new theoretical perspective and practical path for border security governance.Collaborative administration in the context of China’s governance has been able to form a multi-level value system that includes representation,transparency,fairness,and inclusiveness.This paper defines collaborative governance as a dynamic process in which the state,the party committee,the government,society,the public,and other multiple governance entities jointly share in social and public affairs through a process of coordination and cooperation of multiple subsystems in the form of a network aimed at achieving a harmony and stability of the social system,in order to maintain and enhance social and public interests.At present,the cooperative governance of China-Myanmar border security is taking shape.Results show a set of governance systems has been gradually formed over the long course of governance of China-Myanmar border security issues,and the capabilities of the governance subject,governance mechanisms,and governance technologies have been constantly improving in the different fields of security governance.The governance subject includes three elements,i.e.China,Myanmar,and international relations.Governance mechanisms mainly include the China-Myanmar bilateral mechanism and the five-sphere integrated mechanism(i.e.a mechanism with Chinese characteristics encompassing the party,government,army,police,and people).Governance technologies mainly include big data,the internet,artificial intelligence,and others.At present,there seem to be four dilemmas in the specific implementation of China-Myanmar border security cooperative governance,such as a subjectivity dilemma,an institutional dilemma,an effectiveness dilemma,and a resource dilemma.Based on the previous it can be inferred that to presently improve the effectiveness of China-Myanmar border security cooperative governance,four important aspects ought to be included:First,a new concept of China-Myanmar border security cooperative governance should be created,including generating an idea of symbiotic security in the China-Myanmar border area,and developing a concept of new peripheral relations in the China-Myanmar border area.The second one is to optimize the cooperative governance mechanism of China-Myanmar border security,including improving the design of the cooperative governance system to achieve an alignment of regulations,standards,and cognitions at the theoretical level and an alignment of instrumentality,legitimacy,and situationality at the application level,building an effective leadership and coordination mechanism,and optimizing the communication structure of power and responsibility of cooperative governance.Third,the subjects’skillfulness in China-Myanmar border security coordinated governance should be improved,including enhancing the border development and construction capacity,border coordination and organization capacity,and border security governance capacity of the border sub-national governments.Fourth,the external environment of China-Myanmar border security collaborative governance should be expanded,including building and improving the collaborative governance technology system and platform,strengthening the security of collaborative governance resources,and introducing a national security culture to coordinate border security governance.In the future,research on the collaborative governance of China-Myanmar border security ought to combine the two based on existing research and governance practices,and take China-Myanmar border security as a template to construct and explore a new paradigm and new path of border security governance.