边境治理中跨国婚姻移民的身份重建——基于广西中越边境市县的调查

Identity Reconstruction of Transnational Marriage Immigrants in the Border Governance:Based on a Survey of Cities and Counties in Guangxi along the Sino-Vietnam Border

对广西边境8县48村进行实地调研的基础上,发现治理技术的精细化凸显出跨国婚姻移民身份缺失的矛盾;尽管这个群体渴望中国国籍,但在现行法律政策下只能通过补办护照、婚姻登记以及团聚签证的方式获得合法身份;边境三市的统计数据显示,2016年以来广西涉越婚姻登记人数骤增,这与越南驻南宁总领事馆受理补办护照业务密切相关,中越两国合作共治取得显著成效;政府是促进跨国婚姻移民身份合法化的主导力量,但多元主体的参与依然重要,这个群体强烈的办证需求催生民间代理人,东兴外国人服务中心在护照代办中发挥积极作用,社工机构成为涉越婚姻登记政策宣传的生力军;专项治理是促进跨国婚姻移民身份重建的可行方向,须明确公安、民政、财政等部门的职责。

Transnational marriage immigrants on the Sino-Vietnam border mainly refer to stateless women who have been living on the Yunnan-Guangxi borderline for a considerable time.Results show,these females migrate into China from Vietnam by intermarrying with people at the border,hereby becoming a special group in the borderlands.What plagues them continually is their legal identity,which leads to difficulties in enforcing their legal rights and interests.In recent years,with the efforts of local governments,the identity reconstruction of transnational marriage immigrants in Guangxi has made a great breakthrough and achieved some success in the protection of immigrants’rights and interests.However,this dynamic progress has not attracted enough attention from the academic community.This paper adopts a field research method to collect the necessary data.Based on a survey of 48 villages in 8 counties along the Guangxi border,it is found that the identity loss of transnational marriage immigrants has taken the form of a kind of“governance vacuum”,which is contrary to the requirements of refined governance.And with the progress of the times and the development of governance technology,the legal identity of this group of transnational marriage immigrants has become increasingly important.The principal authority in border governance seems to be the governmental administration,but also multi-subject such as social organizations and citizens.As a consequence,the government is the core leadership in accelerating the legalization of transnational marriage immigrants’status,yet it also fails to implement it properly sometime.Therefore,private agents and social organizations also ought to play a crucial role in this legalization process.The existence of said private agents results from the spontaneous demand of the common people and thus will continue to exist for a long time.In addition,the popularity of the Dongxing Foreigner Service Center demonstrates the positive significance of multiple agents in border governance,where social organizations cannot be replaced by government administrations in serving specific clients at the border.Survey findings further suggest the issue of legalizing the status of transnational marriage migrants is a special public policy matter for border governance,in which the government administrations have invested a great deal of time and effort.Government administrations should take engage in effective bilateral cooperation between China and Vietnam to manage well the unique legalization of the status of transnational marriage migrants in Guangxi;to make it happen,this study proposes the following:Firstly,the public security department should improve the manner of law enforcement.The public security department is the most important department to promote transnational marriage immigrants to apply for passports and visas,but there is still some room for improvement in the process of implementation.Secondly,the finance department should reduce visa fees.It is difficult to directly cancel visa fees because the country has uniform application fees and charges tables,but an alternative approach could be used to reduce the pressure on these transnational marriage families and avoid the dilemma in public security law enforcement.Finally,the department of civil affairs should ensure basic rights and interests for Vietnamese married families.Because it involves families at different levels in different regions,the identity legalization of transnational marriage immigrants still will have a long way to go as indeed it is impossible to be achieved overnight.The department of civil affairs should give a hand to the disadvantaged groups who have difficulties in applying for the certificate.