基于分段负荷构建策略的梯级水电短期优化调度方法

Short-Term Optimal Scheduling Method of Cascade Hydropower Stations Based on Segmented Load Construction Strategy

随着中国经济的快速发展,电力需求不断增加,作为中国第一大清洁能源,水电得到大规模集中投产,形成了复杂的大规模水电系统。然而,梯级电站数目增加、众多水力电力约束和时效性的调度需求使得短期水电优化调度面对严重的“维数灾”挑战。因此,提出一种基于分段负荷构建策略的梯级水电短期优化调度方法。首先,从梯级水电站调节性能,所处位置及承担任务等角度,制定出调节电站的选取规则;然后,给出将复杂的原始负荷划分为2个子负荷过程的方法,得到时间降尺度的分段负荷过程和频繁波动的剩余负荷过程;最后,给出调整方法,结合粒子群算法在不同阶段进行遍历寻优,找到目标最优时的负荷划分过程。以中国西南某流域7座梯级水电站为研究对象采用成熟的粒子群算法进行汛枯期典型日的模拟计算,结果表明所提的分段负荷构建策略能够有效降低求解复杂度,合适的分段数目能够在保证解质量的情况下提高求解效率。同时,该方法极大程度地减小了辅助电站的出力波动,这对降低调度难度、减少机组损耗有很大的帮助。因此,所提方法能够给大规模梯级水电短期调度求解困难的解决提供借鉴,具备很好的实用价值。

With the rapid development of China s economy,electricity demand has increased.As the largest clean energy in China,hydropower has been put into large-scale and centralized production,and the most complex large-scale hydropower system in the world is formed.However,short-term hydropower optimal scheduling faces the serious challenge of the curse of dimensionality due to massive cascade hydropower stations,numerous hydropower constraints,and time-sensitive scheduling requirements.Therefore,this paper proposes a short-term optimal scheduling method for cascade hydropower stations based on a segmented load construction strategy.First,the selection rules of the hydropower stations to be regulated are formulated from the perspective of the regulation performance,location,and task of the cascade hydropower stations.Then,a method is given to divide the complex original load into two sub-load processes,namely the segmented load process with time reduction scale and the residual load process with frequent fluctuations.Finally,the adjustment method is given,and the particle swarm algorithm is used for traversal and optimization at different stages,so as to find the load division process when the target is optimal.By taking seven cascade hydropower stations in a certain river basin in southwest China as research objects,a mature particle swarm algorithm is used to simulate the typical day during the flood and dry periods.The results show that the segmented load construction strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the solution complexity,and the appropriate number of segments can improve the solution efficiency while ensuring the solution quality.In addition,this method greatly reduces the output fluctuation of auxiliary hydropower stations and helps to reduce the difficulty of scheduling and unit loss.Therefore,the method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for solving the short-term scheduling of large-scale cascade hydropower stations and is of good practical value.