摘要
Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past decade.Current treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum benefit.Immunotherapy,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient CRC.This has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with CRC.This article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.
尽管过去10年间结直肠癌在早期诊断水平和总体生存改善方面有着稳步提高,但其仍是世界范围内主要致死疾病之一。目前包括化疗和生物治疗在内的治疗模式似乎已经达到了一个很高的高度,然而,免疫治疗尤其是免疫调控点抑制剂,也已在包括错配修复缺失的结直肠癌在内的多种癌症治疗中显示出良好的临床效果。由此萌发出一些针对免疫治疗新药进行评估(包括单药、多药、与化疗联合应用)的临床试验的设计与实施。本文对这些免疫调控抑制剂的生物学特性和临床前数据进行了综述,并对多项结直肠癌免疫治疗相关的临床试验和目前结直肠癌免疫治疗的努力方向进行了讨论。
