直肠癌根治术中的盆腔自主神经保护:30年变迁

Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in radical rectal cancer surgery:changes in the past 3 decades

全直肠系膜切除(TME)理念及微创技术(如腹腔镜结直肠手术和机器人手术)的出现大大提高直肠癌的外科疗效。然而,术后排尿功能和性功能障碍率仍然较高,从而给患者造成巨大的痛苦,同时也会给手术医生带来困扰。新辅助和辅助放疗应用的增多也带来了更多的功能问题。在本文中,我们对盆腔神经解剖的目前认识进行了评价,将盆腔神经分为肠系膜下动脉根部、侧盆壁及泌尿生殖器官周围等区域,探讨了在这些区域如何进行手术操作。同时,我们也讨论了过去30年不同手术方式(包括开腹、腹腔镜和机器人)的功能状况。

The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical results.However,the incidence of bladder and sexual dysfunction remains high.This may be particularly distressing for the patient and troublesome to manage for the surgeon when it does occur.The increased use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy is also associated with poorer functional outcomes.In this review,we evaluate current understanding of the anatomy of pelvic nerves which are divided into the areas of the inferior mesenteric artery pedicle,the lateral pelvic wall and dissection around the urogenital organs.Surgical techniques in these areas are discussed.We also discuss the results in functional outcomes of the various techniques including open,laparoscopic and robotic over the last 30 years.