禁止或限制抵押财产转让约定的法律效力

Legal Effect of An Agreement prohibiting or Limiting the Transfer of Mortgaged Property

《民法典》第406条允许抵押人就禁止或限制抵押财产转让进行约定,基于对当事人意思自治的尊重,该约定应属有效。禁止约定在未登记时,仅为债的效力,对当事人双方具有约束力,无论第三人是否知道该约定都不对其发生效力。禁转约定在保障抵押权实现的意义上具有登记能力,通过登记可获得对抗第三人的物权效力,该物权效力的发生以法院判断“抵押物转让行为切实影响抵押权实现”为前提。无论禁转约定登记与否,都不能对抗正常经营活动买受人。

Article 406 of the Civil Code allows the mortgagor to make an agreement on the prohibition or restriction of mortgaged property transfer,which should be valid based on respect for the parties'autonomy of will.If not registered,the prohibition agreement is only effective for the debt and is binding on both parties,regardless of whether the third party knows the agreement.In the sense of guaranteeing the realization of mortgage,the contract of prohibition of transfer has the ability of registration.Through registration,it can obtain the effect of real right against the third party.The occurrence of the effect of real right is premise of the judgment of the court that"the transfer of mortgaged property really affects the realization of mortgage".No matter whether the prohibited transfer agreement is registered or not,it can not fight against the normal business activity buyer.