高质量发展背景下对幼儿园教育过程之内涵的探讨——基于过程质量评价需要的教师视角分析

What Preschool Education Process Should Be from Teachers’Perspective for the Need of Process Quality Assessment under the Era Pursuit of High Quality Development

在当前追求高质量发展的时代背景下,幼儿园教育过程质量评价被认为是提高幼儿园教育质量的重要手段和途径。这使得探讨幼儿园教育过程的内涵,回答“幼儿园教育过程究竟应是一个怎样的过程”成为开展幼儿园教育过程质量评价的前提和基础。从教师作为教育过程的实际组织者和实施者的视角分析,作为整体的宏观幼儿园教育过程应是一个坚持以幼儿作为人的发展为终极目的,教师持续支持幼儿不断探索、发现和确证自我的过程;服务于这一终极目的实现的微观幼儿园教育过程应依循从关注儿童到理解儿童再到形成合理期望最后到完成专业决策的内在产生过程,对外展现为一个绝不伤害儿童,确保儿童保育需要,以“不教而教”和“自然而教”为主,必要时“有意而教”与“刻意而教”的教育行动过程。这为我们将来建构系统完整的幼儿园教育过程质量评价框架和标准提供了一种理想参照,有助于我们突破当前国外相关评价思路与工具的局限,在更为开阔的理论视野下推进幼儿园教育过程质量评价与提升工作。

Assessment on preschool education process has been recognized as an important way to promote the quality of preschool education,which is the era pursuit of high quality development in the field of early childhood education.It requires us to know first what preschool education process should be.To teachers who are the real organizers and implementers,preschool education process means both macroscopic and microcosmic.The former should be referred to such a process that teachers continuously support children to explore,find and confirm who they are as individual human beings in the long education period.The latter should be embodied as such an internal process from teachers’focusing on children to understanding children to forming reasonable expectations to finishing professional decisions,and such an external process during which teaching through environment and by following children’s exploration be teachers’main educational behaviors besides necessary intentional and deliberate teaching with the precondition of not hurting children anyway and taking care of them well.The knowledge of what preschool education process should be provides for us the possibility to break through relevant western researches and the theoretical basis to construct our evaluation framework and standards for assessment on preschool education process.