新加坡学前融合教育发展的历史经验及其对我国的启示

Inspirations from the History and Experience of Singapore’s Preschool Inclusive Education

新加坡学前融合教育大致走过了萌芽、初步探索和全面深化三个发展阶段。在全面深化阶段,新加坡学前融合教育迅速调整理念,不断完善政策,增加经费投入,注重早期干预,加强教师培养,为学前融合教育的高质量发展注入了强劲动力。新加坡学前融合教育总体呈现出理念更新与政策及时跟进、“托底+专项资助”的经费保障、早期干预和学前融合有机衔接以及系统化的学前融合教师培养等特点。参照新加坡学前融合教育的发展经验,我国学前融合教育可以从转变社会公众对待残疾的观念、加快学前教育立法进程、强化政府在学前融合教育投入中的主导和主体作用、推动特殊儿童早期干预和学前融合有机衔接以及构建系统的学前融合教育师资培养和培训体系等方面做出努力和改进。

Singapore’s preschool inclusive education has roughly gone through three stages,which can be divided into the rudiment,preliminary exploration,and comprehensive deepening stages.In the third stage,Singapore’s preschool inclusive education shows characteristics such as the updated notions and the timely adapted policies,the organic connection of early intervention and preschool inclusiveness,the systematic training of preschool inclusive teachers,which have all been strong impetus towards the high quality preschool inclusive education in Singapore.It shows the characteristics of timely updated notions,adapted policies and a financial guarantee pattern of“fundamental+specialized funding”.Referring to the experience of Singapore,the future development of preschool inclusive education in China can be improved by accelerating the legislative process of preschool education,strengthening the government’s dominant and subjective investment role in preschool inclusive education,promoting the organic connection between early intervention and preschool inclusiveness,and constructing a systematic teacher development and training system for preschool inclusive education.