新型成人后路寰椎骨折钉板复位内固定系统的设计

Design of a new posterior atlas fracture reduction and internal fixation system

背景:目前临床上一直缺乏复位良好、操作简便的后路单节段固定治疗寰椎爆裂性骨折的内固定系统。目的:基于寰椎CT测量数据设计并优化一种符合人体局部解剖结构特征,操作简便且复位优良的新型后路寰椎骨折钉板复位内固定系统。方法:回顾性分析了347例成人的CT图像,在图像上依次测量内倾角0°经后弓侧块螺钉轨迹长度、最大内侧倾斜角与此时经后弓侧块螺钉轨迹的长度、寰椎椎动脉沟底部后弓高度、两侧经后弓侧块螺钉进针点距正中矢状面的距离、寰椎后弓半径、寰椎后结节至枕骨大孔后缘和寰椎后结节至枢椎椎弓上表面的距离,分析数据并设计优化一种符合人体解剖学特征的寰椎骨折复位内固定系统。结果与结论:①所有受试者两侧的内倾角0°螺钉轨迹长度、最大内倾角度、最大内倾角螺钉轨迹长度、寰椎椎动脉沟底部后弓高度、进钉点至正中矢状面距离、寰椎后弓外侧缘半径、寰椎后结节至枕骨大孔后缘距离、寰椎后结节至枢椎棘突上表面距离的差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05),上述各指标在男性与女性组间比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②研究成功设计了新型寰椎骨折复位内固定系统,并获得国家专利;该内固定系统适合寰椎后弓解剖学特征,既可有效治疗寰椎爆裂性骨折,又可保留枕寰枢关节运动功能。

BACKGROUND:At present,there is a lack of an internal fixation system with good reduction and simple operation for the treatment of atlas burst fracture by posterior single-segment fixation.OBJECTIVE:Based on the atlas CT measurement data,a new posterior atlas fracture reduction and internal fixation system was designed and optimized,which was in line with the characteristics of human local anatomical structure,easy to operate and with good reduction.METHODS:CT images of 347 adults were analyzed retrospectively.In the images,the length of pedicle screw track with a medial inclination of 0°,the angle of the maximum medial inclination angle and the length of pedicle screw track at this time,the height of vertebral artery groove,the distance between the entry points of bilateral pedicle screws and the midline,the radius of the posterior arch of atlas,the distance between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the posterior edge of the foramen magnum,and the distance between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the upper surface of the axial arch were measured.The imaging data were analyzed and a reduction and internal fixation system was designed and optimized for atlas fracture in line with human anatomical characteristics.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no statistically significant difference in the the length of pedicle screw track with a medial inclination of 0°,the maximum medial inclination angle and the length of pedicle screw track at this time,the height of vertebral artery groove,the distance between the entry points of bilateral pedicle screws and the midline,the radius of the posterior arch of atlas,the distance between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the posterior edge of the foramen magnum,and the distance between the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the upper surface of the axial arch measured on the left and right sides of all subjects(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in each index measured between the male and female groups(P<0.05).(2)The new posterior atlas fracture reduction and internal fixation system has been successfully designed and obtained the national patent.The internal fixation system is suitable for the anatomical characteristics of the posterior arch of the atlas.It can not only effectively treat the atlas burst fracture,but also retain the movement function of the occipital atlantoaxial joint.