数据财产权的权利证成:以知识产权为参照

Certificate of Data Property Rights Taking Intellectual Property Rights as Reference

数字经济时代,商业数据成为企业的核心资产之一,是重要的社会生产要素。我国现行立法并未对商业数据的法律地位作出明确回应,学界对此也存在争议,企业的数据财产权益无法得到有效保障。商业数据与知识产权客体具有极其类似的特点,可以知识产权的权利演进历程为参照,以洛克财产权劳动学说和宪法财产权理论为基础,通过立法明确规定数据财产权具有正当性。在具体的法律定位上,应当将数据财产权归入无形财产权体系中,其权利主体应为对海量商业数据进行分析、整理的企业,权利客体应为具有合法性、公开性、价值性的商业数据,权利内容包括控制、利用、收益、处分四项权能,同时应当根据商业数据控制者所属领域的不同,在1至5年内规定不同的权利存续期限。最后,应当建立数据财产权单行法律,并实现其与公共利益、人格权及其他权益的制度衔接。

In the era of digital economy,commercial data has become one of the core assets of enterprises and an important factor of social production.However,the current legislation does not give a clear response to the legal status of commercial data,which has also aroused controversy in the academic community,and the data property rights and interests of enterprises cannot be effectively protected.Commercial data and the object of intellectual property have very similar characteristics.Taking the evolution of intellectual property rights as reference,as based on Locke's theory of labor property rights and constitutional property rights,the legislation clearly stipulates the legitimacy of data property rights.In terms of specific legal positioning,data property rights should be included in the intangible property rights system.The subject of rights should be enterprises that analyze and organize massive commercial data,and the object of rights should be legitimate,open,and valuable commercial data.The content of rights includes four powers:control,utilization,revenue,and disposal.At the same time,different duration of rights should be stipulated in the range of 1 to 5 years according to the field of business data controller.Finally,a separate law on data property rights should be established,and its connection with public interests,personality rights and other rights and interests should be realized.