“十三五”以来中国工业危废产生处理情况及管理对策建议

Production and Treatment of Industrial Hazardous Wastes in China Since the 13th Five-Year Plan and Suggestions for Countermeasures

“十三五”以来,中国工业危废产生量逐年增加,利用处置率总体呈上升趋势。废酸等11类工业危废的产生量累计占比接近85%,化工、有色金属冶炼、焦化和钢铁等行业危废产生量较高,且主要集中在四川、河北等10个省(区、市),呈行业、区域高度集中的特点。工业危废主要由工业企业和危险废物集中处理厂处理,其处理比例约为2∶1。工业企业对工业危废的处理方式主要为再循环(再利用);危险废物集中处理厂主要处理方式为综合利用、焚烧和填埋。除云南、天津等少数省(区、市)工业危废利用或处置潜力不足外,大部分省(区、市)仍有较大潜力。建议高度重视工业危废安全处理和定期风险排查,降低生态环境风险。加强工业危废利用处置技术研发,进一步挖掘工业危废集中处理潜力,不断提高工业危废处理质量效益。

Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the generation of industrial hazardous waste in China has been increasing year by year,and the utilization and disposal rate of that has shown an overall upward trend.The cumulative production of 11 industrial hazardous wastes,such as waste acid accounted for nearly 85%of total industrial hazardous waste in 2021,which mostly generated by chemical industry,nonferrous metal smelting,coking and steel industry,mainly concentrated in Sichuan,Hebei and other 10 provinces,showing the characteristics of highly concentrated industries and regions.Industrial hazardous wastes were mainly treated by industrial enterprises and centralized treatment plants,with a treatment ratio of about 2∶1.The most important treatment methods in industrial enterprises were recycling(reusing),and the main treatment methods were comprehensive utilization,incineration and landfill in centralized treatment plants.The comprehensive utilization or disposal of industrial hazardous waste in most provinces still had great potential,except for Yunnan,Tianjin and other few provinces.It is suggested to attach great attention to the safe treatment of industrial hazardous wastes and regular risk investigation to reduce the ecological environmental risks.Strengthen the research and development of the utilization and disposal technology of industrial hazardous wastes,further tap the potential of centralized hazardous waste treatment,and constrantly improve the quality and efficiency of industrial hazardous waste treatment.