高校“非升即走”制度的当代图景与公法规制

The Contemporary Situation and Public Law Regulation of“Up or Out”Tenure System in Colleges and Universities

应用于高校人事体制改革的“非升即走”制度,本质是以合同形式为载体的教师聘任与管理。随着改革的持续深入,采取该制度的高校逐渐增多,并形成了“深入实施-初步探索-计划启动”的多层次运行趋势。通过对35所高校人事管理制度文本的分析,发现对“非升即走”进行法律规制存在聘用合同法律性质模糊、高校人事自治权行使合理性不足、制度实施存在程序瑕疵与教师权利救济困难的现实问题,引发高校青年教师的职业焦虑和社会热议。基于此,应明确“非升即走”聘用合同的行政合同属性,规范高校人事自治权行使,运用正当行政程序原则与有限司法审查妥善处理大学自治与国家监督的关系,实现制度法治化运行。

The“Up or Out”tenure system applied to the personnel system reform of colleges and universities is essentially a contract-based form of teaching staff appointment and management.With the sustained deepening of the reform,more and more colleges and universities are adopting this system,as is handled in a multi-level trend of“in-depth implementation-preliminary exploration-plan launch”.Through a textual analysis of the personnel management systems of 35 colleges and universities at home,the study points out various problems in the implementation of the“Up or Out”system in the colleges and universities,including the conflict between the system and the legal environment,the ambiguous legality of employment contracts,the imperfection in promotion assessment and evaluation mechanism,the insufficient protection of teaching staff rights,which cause career anxiety and public discordance among young college and university teaching staff.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a legal relationship between colleges and universities and their teaching staff,with the relationship between the autonomous rights of colleges and universities and the state supervision properly handled in various aspects,including the establishment of systems,staff evaluation for promotion and staff rights protection,so as to achieve legal adoption and application of the system.