普遍解放何以可能:论《论犹太人问题》和《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》的思想路径

How to Realize Universal Emancipation:Discourse on the Ideological Path of"On the Jewish Question"and"Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right"

马克思对普遍解放的理解是围绕两对关系,即特殊性和普遍性的关系、抽象和现实的关系展开的。马克思以此为出发点提出普遍解放的任务就是克服人类社会内部的异化力量、在人的现实性基础上实现人的本质的复归。为了廓清“普遍解放何以实现”的问题,在《论犹太人问题》和《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中,马克思全面审视并否定了布鲁诺·鲍威尔等提出的宗教批判—政治解放的道路,在此基础上提出了他关于普遍解放的理论认识和实践构想。对普遍解放的探赜构成了马克思这两篇著作思想路径的主线。

Marx's understanding of universal emancipation revolves around two pairs of relationships,namely the relationship between particularity and universality,and the relationship between abstraction and reality.Marx proposed from this perspective that the task of universal emancipation is to overcome the alienation forces within human society and achieve the restoration of human essence on the basis of human reality.In order to clarify the issue of"how to realize universal emancipation",Marx comprehensively examined and denied the path of religious criticism-political liberation proposed by Bruno Bauer et al.in"On the Jewish Question"and"Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right",and based on this,proposed his theoretical under-standing and practical conception of universal emancipation.The exploration of universal emancipation consti-tutes the main thread of the ideological path of the two works.