区块链共识算法综述

Overview of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

共识算法维持着分布式系统的稳定和安全,同时又是发展区块链方向的关键技术。随着区块链技术快速发展,共识算法的研究也越来越受到研究人员的重视和青睐。现如今,在不同应用场景下选择合适的共识算法是研究人员所要面对的一个选择性难题。主要从服务对象节点种类出发,把共识算法归类为公有链、联盟链和私有链这3个大分类。在这3个大分类的基础之上,分别阐述了现在主流的和一些新的区块链共识算法的基本原理,共列举了9种共识算法,并从去中心化、安全性和可扩容性这3个方面对这9种共识算法进行性能评估。并且对相关算法进行了优缺点的分析总结,给出了优化区块链共识算法的相关方向,以供研究人员研究和参考,从而促进区块链共识算法的稳步发展。

Consensus algorithm not only maintains the stability and security of distributed system,but also is the key technology in the development direction of blockchain.With the rapid development of blockchain technology,the research of consensus algorithm has attracted more and more attention and favor of researchers.Nowadays,choosing an appropriate consensus algorithm in different application scenarios is a selective problem that researchers have to face.Starting from the types of service object nodes,this paper classifies the consensus algorithm into three categories:public chain,alliance chain and private chain.Based on these three categories,this paper expounds the basic principles of some mainstream and some new blockchain consensus algorithms,a total of 9 consensus algorithms,and evaluates the performance of these 9 consensus algorithms from three aspects:decentralization,security and scalability.This paper also analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant algorithms,and gives the relevant directions to optimize the blockchain consensus algorithm for researchers’research and reference,so as to promote the steady development of blockchain consensus algorithm.