高黎贡山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物现状与防控

Status and Control of Invasive Alien Plants in Gaoligong MountainNational Nature Reserve

基于文献查证及植物标本实地采集等手段,对高黎贡山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物的种类、数量、分布、入侵情况等进行了评估。结果表明:高黎贡山国家级自然保护区有外来入侵植物37种,隶属20科32属。其中,草本植物31种,灌木种类6种;陆生植物有36种,水生植物仅1种;Ⅰ级恶性入侵类有10种,Ⅱ级严重入侵类有11种,Ⅲ级局部入侵类有7种,Ⅳ级一般入侵类有4种,Ⅴ级有待观察类有5种;入侵植物在海拔1000 m以下的有19种,在海拔1000~2000 m分布的有34种,在海拔2000~3000 m分布的有11种;入侵植物以原产热带中南美洲的最为多样,占全部入侵种类的50%以上。为有效保护高黎贡山的生物多样性和生态系统功能,守护好国家西南生态安全屏障,建议定期对外来入侵植物开展监测和普查工作,制定针对性的防控措施,加强宣传,提升群众的防范意识。

Based on literature search and field collection of plant specimens,the species,number,distribution and invasion of invasive alien plants in Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve are assessed.The results showed that there were 37 species of invasive alien plants in Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve,belonging to 20 families and 32 genera.Among them,there are 31 species of herbaceous plants and 6 species of shrubs;36 species of terrestrial plants and only 1 species of aquatic plants;10 species of ClassⅠmalignant invasive,11 species of ClassⅡserious invasive,7 species of ClassⅢlocal invasive,4 species of ClassⅣgeneral invasive and 5 species of Class V to be observed;there are 19 species of invasive plants below 1000 meters above sea level and 34 species of invasive plants between 1000 and 2000 meters above sea level.There are 19 species of invasive plants below 1000 meters,34 species at 1000~2000 meters,and 11 species at 2000~3000 meters;the most diverse invasive plants are native to tropical Central and South America,accounting for more than 50%of all invasive species.In order to effectively protect the biodiversity and ecosystem function of Gaoligong Mountain and guard the ecological security barrier of the southwest of the country,it is recommended to carry out regular monitoring and census of invasive plants,formulate targeted prevention and control measures,strengthen publicity,and raise the awareness of the public on prevention.