原核启动子文库构建的研究进展

On the Research Progress of the Construction of Prokaryotic Promoter Libraries

启动子是在转录水平上调节基因表达的关键元件,启动子文库广泛应用在代谢工程和合成生物学专业中,主要用于调节基因表达和优化代谢物生物合成。运用启动子对多基因通路中的基因表达进行合理和精确控制,可显著影响代谢通量分布,优化特定目标代谢物的合成。因此,国内外已有大量关于鉴定天然启动子,构建和设计组成型、诱导型、杂交启动子或人工合成启动子文库的研究。文章简要介绍原核启动子的结构和功能,对基于生物信息学的启动子预测和识别及人工构建启动子文库策略的最新进展进行了归纳总结,以期为原核微生物的代谢工程和合成生物学应用提供帮助。

Promoters are key elements that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level,and promoter libraries are widely used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to regulate gene expression and optimize metabolite biosynthesis.The use of promoters for reasonable and precise control of gene expression in multiple gene pathways can significantly influence the metabolic flux distribution and enable the optimization of the synthesis of specific target metabolites.Therefore,there have been numerous studies to identify natural promoters and to construct and design constitutive,inducible,hybrid promoter or synthetic promoter libraries.In this review,we briefly introduce the structure and function of prokaryotic promoters and summarize the recent advances in bioinformatics-based promoter prediction and identification and strategies for artificial construction of promoter libraries,with a view to providing the assistance in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications of prokaryotic microorganisms.