驴繁殖生理与繁殖技术研究进展

Advances in Reproductive Physiology and Breeding Technology of Donkeys

随着现代农业的发展,驴的传统役用功能大大降低,逐渐向产皮、产肉、产奶以及休闲娱乐方向转变,驴产品的消费需求也不断扩大。然而,在自然本交条件下,由于驴的妊娠期长、发情持续时间长、受孕率低和产驹率低,驴的繁殖效率表现不高,驴存栏量不断下降。近年来,随着驴的规模化养殖逐渐兴起,驴精液的冷冻保存、人工授精和胚胎移植等高效繁殖技术也逐步应用于驴的生产实践。深入开展驴的繁殖生理特征及繁殖生物学技术的应用研究,对于提高驴的繁殖效率、实现驴的快速扩繁以及遗传改良具有重要意义。本文重点综述了相关驴繁殖生理特征与驴繁殖生物学技术应用的研究进展,为有效提高驴的繁殖效率及研究应用提供参考。

With the development of modern agriculture,the role of donkeys in traditional transportation has diminished dramatically,while the uses of donkey have changed into hide,meat,milk production and entertainment.The consumption for donkey products increased gradually.However,duo to the long gestation and estrus period as well as the low pregnancy and foaling rate,the reproductive efficiency in donkeys is low under natural mating conditions.The number of donkeys in China has sharply declined.In recent years,with the prosperity of intensive donkey farms,the high-efficient reproductive biotechnologies,including sperm cryopreservation,artificial insemination and embryo transfer,have been applied in practice.A comprehensive understanding in donkey reproductive physiology and breeding technology is of great significance for reproductive efficiency improvement,rapid propagation and genetic improvement in donkeys.The present study mainly reviewed the reproductive physiology and breeding technologies in donkeys,which will provide a scientific reference for the practical application of these technologies in improving the reproductive efficiency of donkeys.