宫颈癌的筛查和筛查结果异常的分流

Screening for cervical cancer and diversion of abnormal screening results

宫颈癌仍然是严重威胁我国女性健康的疾病。当前推出的是三级预防策略,其中二级预防中筛查和筛查异常的分流是预防宫颈癌的重要环节。20余年来,我国推行细胞学检查、高危型HPV检测及肉眼筛查等多元化的筛查方法。随着人们发现高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌发生密切相关,宫颈癌的筛查方法也由细胞学检查转向以HPV检测作为首选的筛查方法。本文分别介绍了高危型HPV检测和细胞学检查作为筛查方法的利弊,提出筛查中需要注意的问题;提出了对筛查异常进行分流的原则,并提出在分流中,应结合患者的年龄、生育要求,对筛查异常的项目进行个体化、精细化的管理原则。

Cervical cancer is still a serious threat to the health of women in China.The current strategy is a three-level prevention strategy,among which the diversion of screening and screening abnormalities in the secondary prevention is an important link in preventing cervical cancer.For more than 20 years,China has implemented diversified screening methods such as cytological examination,high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)testing,and naked eye screening.With the discovery that high-risk HPV infection is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer,the screening method for cervical cancer has shifted from cytological examination to HPV testing as the preferred screening method.This article introduces the advantages and disadvantages of high-risk HPV testing and cytological examination as screening methods,and proposes the issues that need to be paid attention to in screening;The principle of diverting screening abnormalities was proposed,and it was proposed that in the process of diverting,individualized and refined management principles should be implemented for screening abnormality projects based on the patient′s age and fertility requirements.