铅和噪声联合作用对听觉系统的影响

Influence of lead combined with noise on auditory system

目的 探讨铅和噪声联合作用对听觉系统的影响。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年12月濮阳市某铅蓄电池厂工人80例为研究对象。按照岗位分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。铅与噪声联合暴露工人为观察组(涂板机操作位),单纯噪声暴露工人为对照组(外壳组装车间)。比较观察两组血铅水平、不同频率的听阈异常率、不同频率的听阈水平。结果 观察组血铅水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组在500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz、3 000 Hz、4 000 Hz时听阈异常率与对照组比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组在6 000 Hz时听阈异常率(33.75%,27/80)高于对照组(11.25%,9/80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在500 Hz、1 000 Hz、2 000 Hz频率时听阈水平比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组在3 000 Hz、4 000 Hz、6 000 Hz频率时的听阈水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在本次研究调查中无噪声致聋病例。结论 铅和噪声联合作用会影响到作业者自身听觉系统,可能会增加高频听力损伤发生风险,企业相应管理者对此应采取合理的应对措施。

Objective To investigate the combined influence of lead and noise on auditory system.Methods Eighty workers from a lead-acid battery factory in Puyang City from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to their positions,with 40 cases in each group.The workers who were jointly exposed to lead and noise were selected as the observation group(coating machine operation position),while the workers who were only exposed to noise were selected as the control group(shell assembly unit).The blood lead level,abnormal hearing threshold rates in dfferent frequency bands,and hearing threshold levels at different frequencies between two groups were compared.Results The blood lead level in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the abnormal rates of hearing threshold between the observation group and the control group at 500 Hz,1000 Hz,2000 Hz,3000 Hz,and 4000 Hz(P>0.05).The abnormal rate of hearing threshold in the observation group at 6000 Hz(33.75%,27/80)was higher than that in the control group(11.25%,9/80),and the difference was significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in hearing threshold between the two groups at 500 Hz,1000 Hz,and 2000 Hz(P>0.05).The hearingthreshold of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 3000 Hz,4000 Hz,and 6000 Hz,with significant differences(P<0.05).In this study,there are no noise-induced deafness cases.Conclusions The combination of lead and noise will affect the operator's own auditory system.The simultaneous effects of lead and noise may increase the risk of high-frequency hearing impairment,and the corresponding managers of enterprises need to put forward reasonable countermeasures.