某院104例抗菌药物相关药物不良反应报告的临床特征分析

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 104 Reports of Adverse Drug Reactions Related to Antibacterial Drugs in a Hospital

目的:分析医院2019年—2021年104例抗菌药物相关药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs报告,探究其发生特点和相关因素,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:选取2019年—2021年青岛市即墨区中医医院上报的104例抗菌药物相关ADRs报告,采集患者的性别、年龄、药品种类、累及器官/系统、临床表现、转归等信息,分析抗菌药物相关ADRs的临床特点。结果:104例ADRs报告中,61~80岁的患者ADRs发生数量最多(37例,占35.58%);发生ADRs的抗菌药物品种分布中,排名前3位的药物分别是头孢菌素类(44例,占42.31%),青霉素类(27例,占25.96%)和大环内酯类(16例,占15.39%);在所有ADRs报告中,累及皮肤及其附件的情况最多(46例,占35.11%),其次为消化系统(42例,占32.06%);抗菌药物引起的严重不良反应主要为过敏反应,经合理处置后,预后较好。结论:抗菌药物品种多、临床应用广泛,要加强其不良反应的监测与分析,促进抗菌药物的临床合理使用。

Objective:To analyze 104 reports of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)related to antibacterial drugs from 2019 to 2021 and investigate their occurrence characteristics and related factors,so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods:A total of 104 reports of ADRs related to antibacterial drugs reported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Jimo District of Qingdao from 2019 to 2021 were selected,and information such as patients'gender,age,drug type,affected organs/systems,clinical manifestations and outcomes was collected to analyze the clinical characteristics of ADRs related to antibacterial drugs.Results:Among the 104 ADR reports,patients aged 61 to 80 had the highest incidence of ADR(37 cases,35.58%).In the distribution of antibacterial drugs with ADR,the top three drugs were cephalosporins(44 cases,42.31%),penicillin(27 cases,25.96%)and macrolides(16 cases,15.39%).Among all ADR reports,skin and its adnexa were the most affected(46 cases,35.11%),followed by the digestive system(42 cases,32.06%).The serious adverse reactions caused by antibacterial drugs were mainly allergic reactions,and good prognosis was achieved after reasonable treatment.Conclusion:It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and analysis of adverse reactions and promote the rational clinical use of antibacterial drugs which are rich in variety and wide in clinical application.