中国双向直接投资单边-联动的动态绿色创新效应研究

Research on Dynamic Green Innovation Effect of China′s Two-way Direct Investment Unilateral?Linkage

面对日益严峻的环境问题,开展绿色创新有助于经济实现真正意义上的高质量发展。作为绿色技术溢出的重要渠道,对外直接投资和外商直接投资对驱动中国绿色创新至关重要。前沿研究主要关注双向直接投资对绿色创新的局部静态影响,却普遍忽视了双向直接投资可能产生的动态联动绿色创新现象。将对外直接投资和外商直接投资作为一个相互联系的统一整体纳入提升绿色创新效率的分析框架,从单边-联动的复合异质动态角度,系统阐释双向直接投资影响绿色创新效率的内在机制。基于2004年至2017年中国省际层面双向直接投资和绿色创新的相关数据,采用面板门槛回归等方法,实证考察双向直接投资单边-联动的动态绿色创新效应。研究结果表明,现阶段中国绿色创新发展并未实现对外直接投资和外商直接投资的双轮驱动,而是陷入了对外直接投资“单脚跳”、外商直接投资拖累的窘境。双向直接投资之间存在显著的负向交互效应,并未对绿色创新效率产生预期中的协同效应或互补效应,这在一定程度上反映了现阶段国家应更注重双向直接投资的统筹管理。只有当对外直接投资水平超过一定限度时才能促进母国绿色创新效率,而外商直接投资水平的持续提升在一定程度上弱化其对东道国绿色创新效率的不利影响。外商直接投资对积极的对外直接投资逆向绿色创新效应存在动态拖累效应,而对外直接投资对外商直接投资的负向绿色创新效应具有动态纠偏效应。双向直接投资的绿色创新效应具有显著的空间异质性,在不同区域显现出差异化和动态化的单边-联动异质特征。研究结果揭示了对外直接投资、外商直接投资在驱动中国绿色创新过程中扮演的角色差异,在一定程度上丰富了绿色创新领域的研究成果。基于单边-联动的新复合视角,重构双向直接投资与中国绿色创新之间的动态研究逻辑,为深刻认识国际直接投资与母国绿色创新之间的内在机制提供理论支撑。揭示了外商直接投资与对外直接投资的交互影响特征、联动影响规律,为新时代下国家在更高水平上实现对外开放与绿色创新的协调发展提供一定启示。

Facing the increasingly severe environmental problems,green innovation is conducive to the realization of highquality economic development.As an important channel of green technology spillover,inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment are very important to drive domestic green innovation.However,frontier research mainly focuses on the local static impact of two-way direct investment on green innovation,yet generally ignores the dynamic linkage green innovation phenomenon that may be inspired by two-way direct investment.Consequently,this study puts inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment as an interconnected and unified whole into the analysis framework of green innovation efficiency improvement firstly,and explains the internal mechanism of the impact of two-way direct investment on green innovation efficiency from the perspective of"unilateral-linkage"compound heterogeneity dynamics systematically.Then based on the data of Chinese two-way direct investment and green innovation from 2004 to 2017,this study empirically examines the dynamic green innovation effect of“unilateral-linkage”by using panel threshold regression and other methods.The results find that:at present,China's green innovation development has not realized double-wheel drive of inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment,but has fallen into the dilemma of inward foreign direct investment dragging down and single-foot jump of outward foreign direct investment.There is a significant negative interactive effect between two-way direct investment,and it does not produce the expected synergistic or complementary effect on the efficiency of green innovation,which reflects to a certain extent that countries should pay more attention to the overall management of two-way direct investment at this stage.Only when outward foreign direct investment level exceeds a certain level could the home country's green innovation efficiency be promoted,while the continuous improvement of inward foreign direct investment level could weak its adverse impact on host country's green innovation efficiency to a certain extent.Inward foreign direct investment has dynamic"drag effect"on the positive reverse green innovation effect of outward foreign direct investment,and outward foreign direct investment has dynamic"correction effect"on the negative green innovation effect of inward foreign direct investment.The green innovation effect of two-way direct investment has significant spatial heterogeneity,showing different and dynamic"unilateral-linked"heterogeneous characteristics in different regions.The study reveals the different role of inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment in driving domestic green innovation,which enriches the research results in the field of green innovation to a certain extent.Based on the new compound perspective of"unilateral-linkage",this study reconstructs the dynamic research logic between two-way direct investment and domestic green innovation,so as to provide theoretical support for deeply understanding the internal mechanism between international direct investment and home country green innovation.The study finds out the interactive influence characteristics and linkage influence rules of inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment,and provides some enlightenment for countries to realize the coordinated development of opening-up and green innovation to higher level in China's new era.