白术化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Activities of Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephala)

白术为菊科药用植物,具有健脾益气、燥湿利水、止汗、安胎等作用。长期以来在东亚,特别是在中国的各种民族医学系统中用作滋补剂,用于治疗脾虚泄泻、脾胃气虚、气血两虚以及胎动不安等病证。通过搜索Pubmed、Web of Science、GeenMedical、CNKI等数据库,查找国内外已经发表的白术相关文献,对白术的化学成分和近五年的生物活性研究进行系统地梳理、归纳,发现目前已从白术根、根茎和地上部分中共分离出超过90种化合物,包括倍半萜、三萜、聚乙炔、多糖、香豆素、苯丙素、黄酮、黄酮苷、苯醌、甾体等类化合物,其中倍半萜类、聚乙炔类、多糖类为主要成分。多数化合物具有显著的生物活性,如保肝、抗菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、调节胃肠功能、调节免疫系统、调节神经系统、调节脂质代谢、抗抑郁等,对肝炎、肝损伤、恶性肿瘤、消化性溃疡、免疫抑制、脑缺血、记忆力损伤、抑郁症等疾病有一定的缓解作用,其作用机制可能与改变抗氧化应激相关因子的含量或活性、调节炎症因子水平、抑制或激活相关信号通路或相关蛋白表达等有关。可为白术资源后续深入系统的研究和临床开发提供理论参考和科学依据。

Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephala)is a medicinal plant beloging to the family of Compositae,which has the functions of invigorating spleen and benefiting Qi,drying dampness and benefiting water,preventing perspiration and calming the fetus.It has been used as a tonic in various ethnic medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of diseases such as spleen deficiency and diarrhea,spleen and stomach Qi deficiency,Qi and blood deficiency,and fetal restlessness for a long time.In this paper,Pubmed,Web of Science,GeenMedical,CNKI and other databases were searched for domestic and foreign published literatures related to Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephala),and the chemical components of Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephala)and bioactivity studies in the past five years were systematically combed and summarized.It was found that a total of more than 90 compounds have been isolated from the roots,rhizomes and aerial parts of Baizhu(Atractylodis macrocephala),including sesquiterpenoids,triterpenoids,polyacetylenes,polysaccharides,coumarins and phenylpropanoids,flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,benzoquinones and steroids,among which sesquiterpenoids,polyacetylenes and polysaccharides are the main components.Most of the compounds have significant biological activities,such as liver protection,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,regulating gastrointestinal function,regulating immune system,regulating nervous system,regulating lipid metabolism,antidepressant and other activities,and have certain relieving effects on hepatitis,liver injury,malignant tumor,peptic ulcer,immunosuppression,cerebral ischemia,memory impairment,depression and other diseases.Its mechanism of action may be related to changing the content or activity of antioxidant stress related factors,regulating the levels of inflammatory factors,inhibiting or activating related signal pathways or related protein expression.This paper can provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the follow-up in-depth and systematic research and clinical development of atractylodes macrocephala resources.