论知识产权适用善意取得规则的合理性及其限制

Rationality and Boundary of Application of Rule of Bona Fide Acquisition in the Field of Intellectual Property

在善意取得规则是否可适用于知识产权领域的问题上,我国学界与司法界均存在争议。尽管我国最高人民法院已表态支持,但仍有许多法院提出反对。从域外法上看,大陆法系与英美法系对此亦存在分歧,前者普遍持反对意见,后者则相对支持。面对这些争议,我国不应简单地追随某一域外法的观点,而应当回到善意取得制度的本源,并结合我国制度实际加以分析。不同于多数域外国家,我国发明专利权与商标权能够因登记而产生权属公示力,应当准予对这一公示产生信赖的善意第三人取得专利权与商标权。但并非任何知识产权都可成立善意取得,对于著作权而言,其权属外观无法产生公示力,无论是占有还是登记,他人都无法产生信赖利益,因此,善意取得制度对此不应适用。

There is a huge controversy in the Chinese academic and judicial circles on whether the rule of bona fide acquisition can be applied to the field of intellectual property.Although the Chinese Supreme Court has stated its support,many courts have raised opposition.From the perspective of comparative law,the civil law system and the common law system have different opinions.Civil law countries generally hold opposition,while common law countries choose to support it.In the face of these disputes,China should not simply follow the point of view of specific countries,but return to the origin of the bona fide acquisition system and analyze whether the ownership of intllectual property rights can generate a trust benefit.Different from the regulations of most foreign countries,Chinese invention patent and trademark rights can have the publicity effect of ownership due to registration,and third parties in bona fide should be allowed to obtain invention patent and trademark rights based on their trust in this effect of publicity.However,not all intellectual property rights can apply the rules of bona fide acquisition.Copyright registration and possession in China cannot generate publicity effect,so that it cannot generate trust benefits.Thus,the rule of bona fide acquisition should not be applied in this area.