明遗民吴中蕃的人生出处及诗歌表述

Ming Loyalist Wu Zhongfan’s Life Experience and the Expression of His Poems

明遗民吴中蕃入清后经历了出仕南明、屡却清聘、仕吴三桂、两度修志等有关遗民出处之大事,并在其诗作中留下了真切详实的行踪,展现了其入清五十年中的感受、认知、态度及心态变化。在明遗民拒不仕清、坚守气节、怀抱用世之心的基础上,吴中蕃又有自己更为具体的出处观。其人生中后期至晚年的心态经历了由亡国“遗民”向盛世“逸民”的过渡,但其又并非纯粹的“逸民”。吴中蕃一生以“遗民”和“诗人”自居,在进退出处、辞受取舍之间,其不变的是遗民气节的坚守。

After entering the Qing Dynasty,Wu Zhongfan experienced the great events about the provenance of Ming loyalists,such as acting an official in the Southern Ming Dynasty,repeatedly refusing to act an official of the Qing Dynasty,acing an official in the Wu Sangui regime,twice participating to compile local government memorabilia.He left a real detailed whereabouts in his poems,showing the change of his feeling,cognition,attitude,and mentality of the fifty years after entering the Qing Dynasty.On the basis of Ming loyalists rejecting the Qing Dynasty,adhering to integrity and embracing the heart of the world,Wu Zhongfan had his own more specific view about how to be an official and how to be alone in the life.The mentality of Wu Zhongfan from the middle and late period to the old age experienced a transition from a loyalist of the subjugated country to a hermit of the prosperous times,but he was not pure hermit.Wu Zhongfan regarded himself as a Ming loyalist and a poet in his whole life.Between forward and backward,being an official and being alone,rejection and acceptance,acquisition and abandonment,what he did not change was his adherence to Ming loyalists’moral integrity.