基于激光选区熔化的点阵结构设计、性能及应用研究进展

Progress in Design,Performance and Application of Lattice Structures Based on Selective Laser Melting

激光选区熔化技术(Selective laser melting,SLM)作为第三次工业革命的引擎技术,突破了传统加工技术的制造极限,为航空航天、医疗、汽车等领域高性能部件的结构设计和制造提供了可能。点阵结构因具有高比强度、高比刚度、低热膨胀系数和高比表面积等特性,已被广泛应用于各类学科领域。依托SLM技术,结合材料–结构–性能一体化的创新型制造模式,现阶段点阵结构已经成为多学科领域所提出的轻量化、高性能及多功能的设计及制造的有效解决方案。本文详细介绍了SLM技术制造点阵结构的种类、工艺协同性及设计优化方法;对点阵结构的力学性能和能量吸收能力进行了分析;阐述了几类典型功能点阵结构在航空航天、医疗及汽车等领域的应用,并就点阵结构在工程应用领域的未来发展做出了展望。

As the engine technology of the third industrial revolution,selective laser melting(SLM)has broken through the manufacturing limit of traditional processing technology and provided the possibility for the structural design and manufacturing of high-performance components in aerospace,medical,automotive and other fields.Lattice structure has been widely used in various disciplines due to its high specific strength,high specific stiffness,low coefficient of thermal expansion and high specific surface area.Based on SLM technology,combined with the innovative manufacturing mode of material-structure-performance integration,lattice structure has become an effective solution for lightweight,highperformance and multi-functional design and manufacturing proposed by multidisciplinary fields at this stage.In this paper,the types of SLM-manufactured lattice structure,process synergy and design optimization methods are introduced in detail.The mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity of the lattice structure are analyzed;The applications of several typical functional lattice structures in aerospace,medical and automotive fields are described,and their future development in engineering applications is prospected.