以色列少数群体政策安全化问题评析

Review of the Securitizing Issue of Isreal's Ethnic Minority Policies

以色列是一个典型的将少数族群问题安全化的国家。建国后,以色列少数群体政策的历史演进以重大事件为标志,大致经历了军事管控政策的实施、军事管控政策的废止至《奥斯陆协议》签订前、《奥斯陆协议》的签订与实施、《犹太民族国家法》颁布至当前4个阶段。由于极为特殊的建国经历及其所处的地缘环境,以色列的少数群体政策自始至终都渗透着一种强烈的国家安全取向,维护犹太国家安全与统一利益成为主导以色列族群政策与立法演进的内在价值逻辑。从现实效果来看,虽然以色列的以国家安全为价值取向的族群政策,有力地捍卫了其“犹太民族国家”属性,确保了国家的整体安全,但基于犹太民族自身利益的绝对安全观,也使其面临着国内族群矛盾尖锐、国家凝聚力削弱、周边关系不睦甚至恶化的威胁与挑战。奉行和合共生的政策理念与重塑包容、合作的安全机制,是破解以色列少数族群问题安全化问题之路。

Israel is a typical state tha“tsecuritizing”the issue of ethnic minorities.After the founding of the state,the historical evolution of ethnic minority policies in Israel,marked by significant events,can be roughly divided into four stages:the implementation of the military control policy(1948—1967),the abolition of the military control policy to the signing of the Oslo Accords(1967—1993),the signing and implementation of the Oslo Accords(1993—2018),and the promulgation of the Jewish Nation State Law until recently(since 2018).Due to the extremely special experience of state(nation)-building and its geographical environment,Israel's ethnic minority policies have been permeated with a strong sense of national security orientation,and maintaining Jewish national security and unity has become the inherent value logic that dominates the evolution of Israeli ethnic policies and legislation.Judging from the actual effect,although Israel's national security-oriented ethnic policies,strongly defend its Jewish nation-state attributes and ensured the overall security of the state(nation),the absolute security concept based on the interests of the Jewish nation also makes Israel face the threats and challenges of sharp domestic ethnic conflicts,weakening of national cohesion,disharmony and even deterioration of peripheral relations.Adhering to the policy concept of harmony and co-existence and reshaping the security mechanism of inclusiveness and cooperation is the way to solve the securitizing issue of Israeli ethnic minority policies.