楚骚传统与汉代骚体铜镜铭文创作

The Chuci Tradition and the Making of Chuci-Style Bronze Mirror Inscriptions in the Han

铜镜是汉代一种新型文本载体,多被学界视为应用文而未将其纳入文学研究视野,其实汉镜铭文中的“骚体文”是汉代文学文本的重要补充。本文通过对产生流布于西汉早期至东汉早期最具代表性的“昭明”“精白”“姚皎光”“君忘忘”等类铭文的重新释读,认为其主题并非寓指贤士不遇或男女爱情,而是在继承楚骚“忠贞”精神基础上,发展为对“忠信思想”和“高洁品格”的称扬,开辟了西汉文人骚体辞赋内容之外的新领域。骚体镜铭在抒情方式和修辞手法上也承袭并适当拓展了楚骚传统,表现出器物铭文的独特风貌。统治者对楚文化的偏好及国人对其正统性的高度认同、藩国开放的文化环境、社会道德的价值取向、制镜审美风向的转变等因素共同催生了骚体镜铭的出现及广泛传播。

The Han bronze mirror inscriptions as the reflection of a literary genre have not been fully studied,yet the Chucistyle mirror inscriptions constitute a necessary part to Han literatureThis article studies a few special types of bronze mirror inscriptions circulated from early Western Han to early Eastern Han Dynasties,and argues that the themes of these inscriptions,rather than expressing the lack of success for worthy people and showing the feeling of love between men and women,convey the spirit of loyalty and faithfulness inherited from the Chuci in praising loyalty,trust,and noble charactersSuch factors as the preference of the Han rulers for Chu culture and the change of aesthetic direction of making mirrors may have contributed to the emergence and wide dissemination of the Chuci-style bronze mirror inscriptions.