民国文献学理论体系的构建与演进

The Construction and Evolution of the Theoretical System of Philology during the Republic of China Era

学科体系的确立和规范是学科发展和成熟的重要标志,从学术谱系来看,民国时期,中国文献学作为一门现代学科的体系建构和演进轨迹清晰可循。20世纪20年代初,梁启超提出“文献学”“中国文献学”概念并以西方学科理念框定中国传统学术,开启了民国文献学体系建构的先河。在梁氏文献学思想的影响下,郑鹤声兄弟完成了第一部以“文献学”命名的学术专著《中国文献学概要》,其构建的“大文献学”体系奠定了中国文献学的学科基础。随后的三四十年代,以“校雠学”命名的章节体著作大量出现,这些学术专著在文献学理论、方法和历史方面为构建学科体系做出了重大贡献。与此同时,一些校雠学著作还保留了传统史书的编纂方式和体例,此时的文献学学科体系仍处于不断调适中。民国时期文献学体系建构经历了从“以西范中”到“援西入中”的转变。考察这一时期文献学体系的嬗变,可以为建构中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系提供历史鉴戒。

The establishment and standardization of the discipline system is an important symbol of discipline devel-opment and maturity.From the perspective of academic pedigree,the system construction and evolution track of Chinese philology as a modern discipline during the Republic of China is well-defined.At the beginning of the 1920s,Liang Qichao put forward the concept of"philology"and"Chinese philology"and framed Chinese traditional scholarship with western scientific methods and academic concepts,which opened the precedent for the construction of the philology sys-tem of the Republic of China.Under the influence of Liang Qichao's philology thought,Zheng Hesheng and his brother Zheng Hechun completed the first academic monograph titled An Introduction to Chinese Philology which included the name of"philology"for the first time.Thus,the"big philology"system they built laid the discipline foundation of Chi-nese philology.In the 1930s and 1940s,a large number of chapter-style works named"Jiaochouxue"(校维学)appeared.These academic monographs made significant contributions to the construction of the discipline system in terms of phi-lology theory,methods and history.Simultaneously,some"Jiaochouxue"works still retained the traditional method of compilation and style of historical books,and the discipline system of philology at this time was still in constant adjust-ment.The construction of the philology system in the Republic of China era experienced a transformation from"western oriented"to"western assisted".The study of the evolution of philology system in this era can provide historical lessons for the construction of the discipline system,academic system and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.