澳大利亚英才教育:政策演进、实践路径与经验审思

Gifted and Talented Education in Australia:Policy Evolution,Practice Path and Empirical Pondering

受社会文化和历史发展等因素的影响,澳大利亚英才教育政策及其发展演进大致历经了初建、加速发展和成熟发展三个阶段。澳大利亚政府选取加涅的“天赋与才能区分模型”作为理论框架,采用定量和定性多种识别工具进行英才学生的早期发现与甄选,并鼓励政府、学校和家庭等多方主体参与其中。澳大利亚英才教育主要采取两种安置模式,专门的英才学校以及普通学校开设的英才班或英才项目;同时综合采用了课程差异化、分组式学习、加速式学习三种培养策略。澳大利亚开展英才教育的经验审思主要包括:转变社会教育观念,完善法规政策体系;加强识别工具研究,健全英才选拔机制;丰富英才培养模式,补强专业师资力量;关注弱势英才群体,构建保障支持体系。

Influened by the socio-cultural background and historical development,Australian gifted and talented education policy and its evolution have roughly gone through three stages:initial establishment,accelerated development and mature development.Australian government chose Gagne's"Different Model of Giftedness and Talent"as the theoretical framework,adopted a variety of quantitative and qualitative identification tools to detect and select gifted and talented students in their early years,and encouraged multiple relevant subjects such as governments,schools and families to participate in it.Australia's gifted education mainly adopts two placement modes,one is in selective schools for talents;the other is through classes or programs for talents in ordinary schools.At the same time,the three educational placements of curriculum dfferentiation,grouping and acceleration are comprehensively used.The empirical pondering of Australia's development of gifted and talented education mainly includes the following aspects:First,it is necessary to change the concept of social education and establish a thorough legal and policy system.Moreover,we should speed up the research and development of identification tools,standardize and perfect selection mechanism.Meanwhile,it is ought to enrich the cultivation model and increase the number of professional teachers.Also,we should take care of disadvantaged talented groups and build a comprehensive security and support system.