都市时代世界历史格局转变对唯物史观的启示

Paradigm Change of"World History"in the Urban Age and Its Reference for Materialist View of History

世界历史是马克思唯物史观形成的基础,建立在这一世界历史基础上的马克思唯物史观一定意义上是唯物主义的世界历史观。马克思所处时代,大工业资本在全球开辟世界市场,建构了以民族国家为基本空间单元的全球体系。世界历史发展不充分,以及马克思变革资本主义社会的理论旨趣,主客观原因共同造成马克思的唯物史观的“空间”(世界)维度处于隐性状态。20世纪70年代,随着跨国公司将制造业转移到后发国家,重建城市、新建城市、发展城市成为世界浪潮,全球进入列斐伏尔意义上的“都市时代”,城市取代民族国家成为全球区域微观单元,世界历史随之呈现为城市的全球体系。全球资本通过城市资本进行积累,凸显了空间生产对于资本主义制度不断在场的意义,唯物史观中被长期遮蔽的“空间”(世界)维度也随之开显,具体表现为空间生产力的凸显,全球空间分工的凸显,时间与空间的关系发生转换以及理想社会形态的空间化实现等。

"World history"is the realistic basis for the formation of the materialist view of history,and Marx's materi-alist view of history based on this reality of world history in a certain sense is a materialist view of world history.In Marx's time,large-scale industrialization opened up global markets.The insufficient development of world history and Marx's theo-retical interest in transforming the capitalist society represent the subjective and objective reasons combined for the"world"(spatial)dimension of Marx's materialist view of history to be in a hidden state.In the 1960s and 1970s,as multinational companies transferred manufacturing to late-developing countries,urban rebuilding,building new cities,and urban devel-opment had became a worldwide trend,and the world entered the"urban era"in the sense of Lefebvre.Cities had replaced the nation-states as micro-units of regions around the globe,and world history then was presented as a global system of cit-ies.The accumulation of global capital through urban capital highlights the significance of spatial production to the continu-ous presence of the capitalist system.The"world"(spatial)dimension that had been obscured for a long time in the mate-rialist view of history has also been unveiled,manifested in the prominence of spatial productivity,global spatial division of labor,the transformation of the relationship between time and space,and the spatial realization of ideal social forms.