三重木塔结构模型设计与分析

STRUCTURAL MODEL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRIPLE WOODEN TOWERS

为探究传统木塔结构的设计原理及受力性能,基于第十五届全国大学生结构设计竞赛赛题《三重木塔结构模型设计与制作》要求,设计并制作了一座竹制三重木塔结构模型,通过数值模拟和加载试验,分析其杆件受力、变形及模型结构承载力,在保证结构强度、刚度与稳定性的前提下,不断优化杆件及整体结构设计,提高模型荷重比,研究结果可为实际工程中木塔结构的设计与优化提供参考。研究表明木塔结构模型上部横截面易因受扭而失稳,可通过增加水平拉杆加强截面稳定性;挑檐因受悬挑端集中力,易产生较大固端弯矩而破坏,可在挑檐悬挑端设置斜向拉杆,向上部角柱传递所受集中荷载而减小固端弯矩;通过胶水粘结节点处杆件难以保证节点强度和稳定性,可通过竹粉包裹或竹皮缠绕加强节点。

This paper investigates the design principle and force performance of traditional wooden tower structure.Based on the requirements of the 15th National Student Structural Design Competition,"Design and Production of Triple Wooden Tower Structure Model",a bamboo triple wooden tower structure model is designed and produced,in which the rod force,the deformation,and the structural load capacity are analyzed through numerical simulation and loading test.The research shows that the upper cross section of the wooden tower model is easily destabilized by tor-sion load,and the stability of the cross section can be strengthened by adding horizontal ties.The eaves are easily damaged by the concentrated force at the overhanging end,which generates large solid end bending moment,so the diagonal ties can be set at the overhanging end of the eaves to transfer the concentrated load to the upper corner col-umn and reduce the solid end bending moment.It is difficult to ensure the strength and stability of the nodes by glue bonding the nodes,whereas the nodes can be strengthened by bamboo powder wrapping or bamboo skin winding can be used to strengthen the nodes.