巨噬细胞功能的代谢调控

Metabolic regulation of macrophage function

巨噬细胞的表型和功能可塑且多样,在宿主防御、组织稳态和修复、发育以及各种病理过程中呈现出不同的功能。虽然经典活化巨噬细胞(M1)和替代活化巨噬细胞(M2)是被广泛认可的巨噬细胞活化表型,但生理、病理条件下的巨噬细胞多表现出介于M1和M2两个极端活化表型之间的中间表型。近年来,M1和M2巨噬细胞调控机制研究取得了较大进展,初步阐明了细胞代谢重编程在其活化中的作用以及糖酵解酶在调控炎症型巨噬细胞功能中的作用,为阐明巨噬细胞功能表型的调控机制奠定了基础。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在肿瘤进展中发挥重要作用,血液系统恶性肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞具有显著特点,对其进行深入研究可为相关临床诊疗提供新思路和线索。

Macrophages have plastic and diverse phenotypes and functions,and they play different roles in host defense,tissue homeostasis and repair,development,and various pathologic processes.Although the classically activated macrophage(M1)and alternatively activated macrophage(M2)phenotypes are widely accepted,most macrophages under physiologic and pathologic conditions are polarized to a continuum of states between the M1 and M2 extreme phenotype poles.In recent years,research on the regulatory mechanisms of M1 and M2 macrophages has made great progress,preliminarily elucidating the role of cellular metabolic reprogramming in macrophage polarization and the role of glycolytic enzymes in controlling inflammatory macrophages.The knowledge lays the foundation for elucidating the mechanisms in the regulation of macrophage functional phenotypes.Tumor-associated macrophages play important roles in the development of tumors.The macrophages in the microenvironment of hematologic malignancies have unique features,and a deep study on them will provide new thoughts and clues for clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.