跨区域重大交通工程空间效应评估的地理学思路

Evaluation of spatial effects of cross-regional major transportation projects:A geographical approach

地理学擅长从服务区域发展和国家重大战略的视角评估跨区域重大交通工程的空间效应,但系统性的评估思路和体系仍需探索性创新。本文首先界定了跨区域重大交通工程的定义,探讨了空间效应的内涵和特征;在此基础上,提出了跨区域重大交通工程空间效应的评估思路,并展望了该领域重点研究议题。研究认为,跨区域重大交通工程空间效应评估应基于系统观和整体观,从综合性和区域性的视角出发,厘清工程对与之相关的人地关系地域系统功能、形态和结构等的影响,从自然–经济–技术的复合维度探索避免或最小化消极影响以及最大化积极影响的策略与措施,服务于跨区域重大交通工程的决策、运维管理与风险控制,促进相关人地关系地域系统的整体优化与综合平衡;评估要点包括问题导向与目标导向相统一、科学预判未来发展情景、全生命周期动态追踪评估、积极与消极影响兼顾、定性与定量方法相结合、多学科领域评估体系衔接与互动等。

Cross-regional major transportation projects have important social,economic and ecological impacts on regional development.Geographers are good at evaluating the spatial effects of major cross-regional transportation projects from the perspective of human-environment relationship,serving regional development and major national strategies.Although there are many related studies,the systematic evaluation framework still needs further exploration and innovation.This paper discussed the definitions and characteristics of major cross-regional transportation projects and their spatial effects,and proposed a framework for evaluating the spatial effects of major cross-regional transportation projects.Finally,the key research directions in this field were prospected.Results show that,spatial effect refers to the comprehensive impacts of an event on the function,form and structure of the related human-environment regional systems.The goal of evaluating the spatial effects is to serve the decision-making,operation and maintenance management and risk control of major crossregional transportation projects,and to improve the sustainability of major cross-regional transportation projects and the related human-environment regional systems.The main points of the evaluation framework include the unification of problem orientation and goal orientation,scientific prediction of future development scenarios,dynamic tracking evaluation of the whole life cycle,balancing the positive and negative impacts,combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,connection and interaction of multi-disciplinary evaluation systems,etc.