中国典型村落空间分布特征及影响因素——基于4种村落的考察

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of typical Chinese villages:Based on the investigation of four types villages

以中国传统村落、民族村寨、旅游重点村和森林乡村为研究对象,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析、地理探测器等方法分析典型村落的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:①中国典型村落整体上以胡焕庸线为界,呈“东南密集,西北稀疏”的空间分布格局;②中国典型村落空间分布具有显著的集聚性,其中传统村落高密度区分布于黔东南-湘西、皖南-浙西南-闽北、晋东南一带,核心区呈“品”字形格局;民族村寨高密度区位于湘桂黔交汇处,由西南向西北和沿海地区逐渐减少;旅游重点村以京津冀和沪苏浙为双核心向西辐射到青甘、川滇一带;森林乡村则以北京以及浙江与安徽交界处为双核中心向周围辐射分布;③影响典型村落空间分布的主要因素有地形地貌、水文、交通、经济发展水平、人口以及生态环境等。全国典型村落的空间分布特征与影响因素研究,能为全国典型村落的开发保护和进一步发展提供建议与参考。

Typical Chinese villages is the core of the interaction of human-land relationship in rural areas and the spatial carrier of rural revitalization.Systematic study of the spatial distribution of typical villages and their influencing factors is important for the systematic evaluation,identification,rational planning and layout of typical villages in the process of rural revitalization strategy implementation.Taking traditional villages,ethnic villages,key rural tourism villages and forest villages as research objects,this paper comprehensively analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of typical villages by using ArcGIS spatial analysis and geographic detectors.The results show that:1)The typical Chinese villages is distributed in a spatial pattern of''dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest'',bounded by the Hu Line.2)The spatial distribution of typical Chinese villages has a significant agglomeration,among which the high-density areas of traditional villages are distributed in Southeastern Guizhou-Western Hunan-South Anhui,Southwest Zhejiang-North Fujian and Southeastern Shanxi,and the core area is in the shape of''品''.The high-density area of ethnic villages is located at the intersection of Hunan,Guangxi and Guizhou,and gradually decreases from southwest to northwest and coastal areas.The key rural tourism villages radiate westward to Qinghai,Gansu,Sichuan and Yunnan with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shanghai-Jiangsu-Zhejiang as the double core.Forest villages radiate from Beijing and the border of Zhejiang and Anhui to the surrounding areas.3)The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of typical villages include topography,hydrology,transportation,economic development level,population and ecological environment,etc.The study on spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of typical Chinese villages can provide suggestions and references for the development protection and further development.