液体火箭发动机结构动力学设计关键技术综述

Key structural dynamic design technologies in liquid rocket engines:Review

随着液体火箭发动机技术的发展,结构动力学问题成为影响发动机寿命及可靠性的关键技术之一。经过多年努力,发动机结构从最初的静强度、安全寿命设计思想逐步发展为以动静强度联合、经济寿命设计为指导的研制理念和方法,并在型号中得到了成功应用,使发动机结构的工作可靠性得以大幅度提高。由于新型号火箭发动机结构的日益大型复杂化及工作环境的极端严酷性,为满足高性能、高可靠性、轻量化与可重复使用的研制需求,发动机结构动力学设计技术问题亟待解决。本文在分析发动机结构中典型动力学问题的基础上,梳理并重点介绍了载荷预计、动力学建模及模型修正、动强度评估与寿命评定、结构动力学优化及抗疲劳设计等关键技术,最后给出研究总结及展望。希望本文为液体火箭发动机结构动力学设计技术的发展提供支撑。

With the development of liquid rocket engine technologies,structural dynamic problems become one of the key factors affecting the life and reliability of engines.In the past decades,the design concepts and methods of the en⁃gine gradually developed from the initial static strength and safety life design to the combination of dynamic and static strength,and economic life design,which were widely used in engines,significantly improving the working reliability of the engine structures.However,the increasing size and complex structure and the extreme harshness of the working environment for the new rocket engines require urgent solution to the technical problems of engine structural dynamic design to meet the needs of high performance,high reliability,light weight and reusability.This paper reviews the key technologies such as load prediction,dynamic modeling and model updating,dynamic strength assessment and life prediction,and anti-fatigue design on account of dynamics optimization,based on the analysis of typical dynamic problems in engine structures.The research summary and prospect are also presented.This review will provide guid⁃ance for the development of structural dynamic design technology of liquid rocket engines.