最低工资标准改善了我国低收入群体住房条件吗?——基于城镇住户调查数据的研究

Does the Minimum Wage Standard Improve the Housing Conditions of Low-income Groups in China--Based on Urban Household Survey Data

最低工资制度是保障我国低收入群体获取足额劳动报酬,提高城镇低收入家庭住房支付能力的重要手段。“居者有其屋”,是千百年来的社会理想,也是增进民生福祉、实现共同富裕的一个重要体现。在此背景下,分析最低工资制度对低收入群体住房条件的实际影响效果,具有重要的理论与现实意义。本文利用国家统计局城调队2002—2009年中国城镇住户调查数据,以2004年最低工资制度实施为政策冲击,检验了最低工资标准提升这一政策制度对城镇低收入家庭人均住房面积和人均住房价值的影响。结果发现:最低工资提升对人均住房价值有促进效应,对人均住房面积有抑制效应。本文进一步检验了城镇低收入家庭的房屋产权性质、其他房产拥有情况,以及抚养青少年和赡养老年人情况对最低工资家庭住房条件的影响,并发现:拥有商品房产权或拥有其他住房的最低工资家庭表现出更高的人均住房价值促进效应和更低的人均住房面积抑制效应,存在青少年抚养情况和老年人赡养情况的最低工资家庭则分别表现出更高的人均住房面积抑制效应和更低的人均住房价值促进效应。因此,在实施最低工资制度的基础上,还应不断完善社会保障机制和公共服务体系;规范商品房市场,适当修建经济适用房、共有产权房以及公租房和保障性租赁住房等相应配套政策,以提高低收入群体的住房条件。

The minimum wage system is an important means to ensure that low-income groups in China receive full labor remuneration and improve the housing affordability of low-income urban families.“Home ownership”has been a social ideal for thousands of years,and it is also an important embodiment of improving people's livelihood and realizing common prosperity.This paper uses the data of Urban Household Survey in China from 2002 to 2009 by the urban survey team of the National Bureau of Statistics,and taking the implementation of the minimum wage policy in 2004 as the policy impact,testing the impact of the policy of raising the minimum wage on the per capita housing area and per capita housing value of urban low-income families.The results show that the increase in the minimum wage has a promoting effect on the per capita housing value and a inhibiting effect on the per capita housing area.This article further examines the impact of the nature of housing property rights,other property ownership,as well as the impact of raising adolescents and supporting the elderly on the housing conditions of minimum wage households in urban areas.It is found that minimum wage households that own commercial housing property rights or other housing exhibit higher promoting effects on per capita housing value and lower inhibiting effects on per capita housing area,minimum wage families with adolescent upbringing and elderly support have higher inhibiting effects on per capita housing area and lower promoting effects on per capita housing value respectively.Therefore,on the basis of implementing the minimum wage system,the social security mechanism and public service system should be improved constantly.It is also necessary to standardize the commercial housing market and to build supporting policies for affordable housing,shared property housing,public rental housing and affordable rental housing to improve the housing conditions of low-income groups.