自贡市无偿献血人群人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒感染情况及献血者HTLV知识知晓率调查

HTLV Infection and Awareness of HTLV Knowledge among Unpaid Blood Donors in Zigong

目的:了解自贡市无偿献血人群人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV)-Ⅰ/Ⅱ的感染流行情况,及献血人群对HTLV相关知识的知晓率。方法:对自贡市2022年4月1日至10月31日期间的13 516例无偿献血者的血液标本采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)进行HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ抗体初筛,对初筛阳性样本统一送至国家卫健委临床检验中心采用蛋白免疫印迹试验(Western blot, WB)和实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluoresence quantiative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)进行确证。随机选取100名献血者,采用电话、纸质问卷调查等方式对其HTLV相关知识的知晓情况进行调查。结果:13 516例无偿献血者血液标本中,有3例经ELISA法检测HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ抗体呈反应性,初筛阳性率为0.022%(3/13 516)。进一步经WB检测2例为阴性、1例为不确定,经qPCR检测3例均为阴性。献血人群HTLV相关知识总体知晓率仅为1.05%、部分知晓率为4.20%,不知晓率为94.75%;HTLV相关知识各条目知晓率为3.16%~16.84%,知晓率最低的条目为:我国HTLV的感染情况(知晓率:3.16%),知晓率最高的条目为:HTLV与T淋巴细胞白血病或淋巴瘤的关系(知晓率:16.84%)。结论:自贡地区属于HTLV非流行区或低流行区,可以继续监测其流行情况;献血居民HTLV相关知识的知晓率极低,相关知识十分匮乏,应当采用多渠道的大众宣传和科普工作,以提高人群知晓率,减少HTLV-Ⅰ/Ⅱ传播。

Objective:To understand the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus(HTLV)-I/II infection and the awareness rate of HTLV knowledge among unpaid blood donors in Zigong.Methods:A total of 13,516 blood samples from unpaid blood donors in Zigong from April 1,2022 to October 31,2022 were screened for HTLV-II antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the positive samples were sent to National Center for Clinical Laboratories for confirmation by Western blot(WB)and real-time fluores-cence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).100 blood donors were randomly selected to investigate their awareness of HTLV knowledge by telephone and questionnaire.Results:Among the 13,516 blood samples,3 cases were positive for HTLV-I/I antibodies by ELISA,and the positive rate of primary screening was 0.022%(3/13,516),further,2 cases were negative and 1 case was uncertain by WB,and 3 cases were negative by qPCR.Only 1.05%of the blood donors know wellabout the HTLV knowledge;4.20%of them know part of the HTLV knowledge;and 94.75%of them did not know the HTLV knowledge.The awareness rate of each item of HTLV knowledge was 3.16%~16.84%.The lowest awareness rate is in the item of the HTLV infection in China(awareness rate:3.16%),and the highest awareness rate is in the item of the relationship between HTLV and T-lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma(awareness rate:16.84%).Conclusion:Zigong is an area with low prevalence of HTLV,and its prevalence can be monitored continuously.The HTLV knowledge among blood donors is very scarce.Multi-channel public publicity and science popularization should be adopted to improve the awareness rate of HTLV knowledge in population and reduce the spread of HTLV-I/II.