美国STEM教育改革的主要阶段、实践路径与现实困境

Stages, Practical Routes and Challenges of STEM Education Reform in the United States

20世纪80年代中期以来美国STEM教育改革经历了启动期、体系建设期、政策推进与质量提升期、战略转型期四个阶段。在STEM教育改革过程中,美国制定并努力完善STEM教育国家政策框架,建立STEM教育多样化资源投入渠道,打造结构完善、层次多样的STEM教育体系,发挥学术团体、智库和企业对促进STEM教育发展的积极作用,构建覆盖面广、指标合理的STEM教育质量监测体系。在助力科技人才培养、科技发展和经济社会发展的同时,美国STEM教育改革存在公平与包容性、结构失衡和正向发展受阻等问题。

Since the mid-1980s,the reform of STEM education in the United States have experienced four stages:the initiation,the system construction,the policy enhancement and quality improvement,and the strategic transformation.In the practice of STEM education reform,the U.S.has developed strategic routes as follows:formulating a national policy framework for STEM education,creating diverse resource input channels,developing a wellstructured and multi-level STEM education system,giving full play to the positive roles of academic groups,think tanks and enterprises in promoting the development of STEM education,and establishing a comprehensive and sound quality monitoring system for STEM education.While STEM education has made major contributions to the cultivation of talents,development of science and technology,and the socio-economic development in the U.S.,it is faced with many problems and challenges such as inequity,exclusion,unbalanced structures,and hindered development.