HIV感染者非理性信念的质性研究

A qualitative study on irrational beliefs of HIV infected individuals

目的 探寻HIV感染者特有的非理性信念,为制定心理干预计划提供参考。方法 2022年5-7月,以描述性现象学研究方法为指导,采用目的抽样法选取泸州市某三甲医院门诊感染科和7个社区卫生服务中心的48名HIV感染者为研究对象,进行半结构式深入访谈,运用Colaizzi现象学研究方法进行资料分析。结果 48名受访对象年龄(47±14)岁;男性31人,女性17人;文化水平以小学和初中为主。根据HIV感染者非理性信念表现提炼出5个主题:歪曲的疾病观;对自我的非理性信念;罪责归他;对权利的非理性看待;倾向于把病情暴露灾难化。结论 HIV感染者对就业政策不熟悉导致其主动失业,把就医歧视合理化,夸大病情为特点的疾病观,严重影响着自身的心理健康、生活质量和权益享受,艾滋病管理人员应引起重视,积极干预。

Objective To explore the unique irrational beliefs of HIV-infected patients,so as to provide reference for the development of psychological intervention programs.Methods From May to July,2022,according to descriptive phenomenological research methods,48 HIV-infected patients from the outpatient infectious disease department of 1 tertiary hospital and 7 community health service centers in Luzhou City were selected via purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews.Colaizzi phenomenological research method was used to analyze the data.Results The average age of 48 respondents was 47±14 years old,with 31 men and 17 women.The education levels mainly were primary school or junior high school.Five themes were extracted according to the irrational belief characteristics of HIV-infected patients:distorted view of disease,irrational belief in oneself,blaming others,irrational view of power,and tendency to catastrophize the disease exposure.Conclusions HIV-infected individuals are not familiar with the employment policy,leading to their active unemployment,the rationalization of medical discrimination,and exaggeration of the disease,which seriously affect their mental health,quality of life,and enjoyment of rights.Health care staffs should pay more attention to the HIV-infected patients and take actively intervene.