人脑信息处理和类脑智能研究进展

Advances and prospects of human brain information processing and brain-like intelligence

脑科学被视为理解宇宙、自然与人类关系的“终极疆域”,人类从未停止对人脑的探索以及对其运行机制的模仿。过去几个世纪,人类对人脑的解剖构造和人脑各部分的独特功能有了一定的认识,但对人脑的信息处理机制、智能的形成等问题还需要持续深入探索。同时,借鉴人脑的信息处理方式开展类脑智能研究,对扩展与应用人类智能具有重要作用,是人工智能的下一个发展目标。从人工智能技术视角提出了大数据驱动的人脑信息处理机制、多脑区协同的人类智能形成机制、多标志物联动的脑疾病发展机理、多模态融合的类脑深度计算机理等关键科学问题,并建议从多学科交叉融合、产学研合作促进、国际化交流共享、战略性规划部署及科研型人才培养等方面加强脑科学及类脑智能研究。

Brain science is regarded as the"ultimate frontier"to understand the relationship between universe,nature and human beings,and human beings have never stopped exploring human brain and imitating its mechanism.In the past few centuries,human beings have gained certain understanding of the anatomical structure of human brain and unique functions of each part of the human brain,but its information processing mechanism,the formation of intelligence and other issues need to be further explored.At the same time,it is of great significance to investigate the information processing way of human brain to the study of brain-like intelligence,which plays an important role in expansion and application of human intelligence and is the next goal of AI.Based on extensive research on brain science and brain-like intelligence research at home and abroad,this paper addresses some key scientific issues from a perspective of AI technology in terms of brain information processing mechanism driven by big data,human intelligence formation mechanism based on multiple brain regions collaboration,development mechanism of brain diseases with multi-marker linkage and the mechanism of brain-like depth computing based on multi-modal fusion.It is also suggested to strengthen brain science and brain-like intelligence research from the aspects of interdisciplinary integration,industry-university-research cooperation promotion,international exchange and sharing,strategic planning and deployment,training of scientific talents and so on.