土地征用的外溢效应——基于农村劳动力创业的视角

The Spillover Effects of Land Requisition:Based on the Perspective of Rural Labors’Entrepreneurship

中国农村频繁发生的土地征用现象改变了当地非农创业的外部环境,增加了创业机会。本文使用一套长时段的微观调查数据,采用双重差分模型检验了征地对农村劳动力创业的影响。研究结果表明,土地征用显著增加了农村劳动力创业的可能性,这主要是由外部机会吸引劳动力主动创业所致,而非劳动力失去农地所迫使。进一步分析发现,土地征用所带来的创业更可能是发展型创业,而非谋生型创业。其中失地补偿起到了缓解创业资金约束的作用。本文对于理解农村土地征用对劳动力就业的影响以及改善农村地区创业环境具有重要的政策启示。

The rural off-farm entrepreneurial circumstance changed by land requisitions in⁃creases the overall entrepreneurial opportunities for rural labors in China.Applying a set of longterm micro survey data,this paper estimates the effect of land requisition on the entrepreneurial behaviors of labors under the context of rural China by using the Difference-in-Difference model.The results show that,land requisition significantly increases the possibility for rural labors to make entrepreneurial decisions,which is mainly driven by the incremental entrepreneurial oppor⁃tunities rather than the loss of agricultural land thus the halt of agricultural activities.Moreover,it is more likely that rural entrepreneurs are motivated by career development rather than survival af⁃ter land requisitions.Monetary compensations for land loss are found to be conducive to alleviate the capital constraints of rural labors,hence facilitate their entrepreneurial behaviors.The results of this paper have important policy implications for understanding the impact of land requisitions on rural labors’employments and improving the entrepreneurial circumstances across rural China.